xlviii 
KEY TO THE NATURAL ORDERS. 
usually definite. Fruit indehiscent. — Trees or shrubs, with coriaceous entire exsti- 
pulate leaves (absont in Cassytha ) (page 290.) 
ftf Achlamydeous. 
Casuarine.®. Flowers monoicous, unisexual. — Trees with jointed leafless branch- 
lots (page 294). 
LXXXYII. Piperacese. Flowers minute, hermaphrodite or unisexual, spicate, 
subtended by peltate scales. Stamens usually 2-3. — Shrubs or herbs, with simple 
exstipulate succulent leaves (page 294.) 
** Ovary superior, syncarpous. 
Phytolaccaceje. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 5-partite. Fruit baccate ; 
seeds solitary. — Herbs or shrubs, with simple alternate exstipulate leaves. 
LXXXVIII. Nepenthaceae, Flowers dioicous. Perianth 4-partite. Capsule 
3-4-celled ; seeds numerous. — Shrubs, with alternate leaves dilated at the end into 
a pitcher (page 299). 
LXXXIX. Podostemacese. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 3-5-lobed. 
Fruit a minute crustaceous capsule ; seeds numerous. — Aquatic herbs of moss-like 
habit (page 300). 
XC. Euphorbiaceae. Flowers usually unisexual and monochlamydeous, some- 
times achlamydeous or dichlamydeous. Perianth 3-5-lobed. Fruit usually a 3- 
coccous capsule ; seeds 1-2 in a cell. — Trees, shrubs or herbs, with alternate or op- 
posite stipulate or exstipulate leaves (page 301). 
*** Ovary inferior , syncarpous. 
Aristolochiace^e. Perianth gamophyllous, hermaphrodite, with an oblique limb. 
Anthers adnate in a whorl to the style. — Climbing herbs or shrubs, with alternate 
leaves (page 322). 
Class II. MONOCOTYLEDONS or ENDOGENS. 
Embryo with one cotyledon, the radicle not usually growing into a root. Stems, 
when perennial, with the vascular bundles scattered irregularly through the pith, 
and no distinct bark. Leaves usually narrow and parallel- veined (net- veined in 
Aroidcce , Smilacece , and Dioscoreacece). 
Series I. FLORIDEiE. Perianth distinctly whorled or if absent the flowers 
not placed in the axils of dry bracts. 
* Perianth distinctly dichlamydeous. 
XCI. Commelynacese. Petals fugitive, bright-coloured. Stamens 6, hypogy- 
nous, some often imperfect. Ovary free, 3-celled; seeds with abundant fleshy 
albumen. — Herbs with membranous entire leaves with sheathing bases (page 323). 
XCII. Xyridacese. Sepals glumaceous. Petals bright- coloured. Stamens 3, 
alternating with 3 staminodes, hypogynous. Ovary free, 1-3-celled. Seeds with 
abundant albumen. — Perennial acaulescent herbs, with narrow leaves in a basal 
rosette (page 324). 
BromeliacevK. Sepals coriaceous. Petals bright-coloured. Ovary 3-celled, in 
our plant inferior. — Epiphytic, with coriaceous leaves and copious lepidote pu- 
bescence (page 325). 
XCIII. Scitaminese. Flowers very irregular. Stamen 1, petaloid, the other 
anthers represented by petaloid staminodes. Ovary inferior, 3-celled. Seeds with 
2 layers of albumen.— Herbs, with large membranous leaves (page 326). 
