COMPOSITE 
161 
Annual herbs. 
Heads monoicous 16. Xanthium. 
Heads uniform. 
All the flowers tubular. 
Pappus none * Centipeda. 
Pappus of abundant fine hairs . . . .17. Conyza. 
Outer flowers ligulate. 
Heads few large * Ximenesia. 
Heads many small * Parthenium. 
Involucre of one long row of scales placed edge to 
edge with sometimes a few small ones at the base. 
Outer flowers female though tubular. 
Pappus of rather firm hairs 18. Faujasia. 
Pappus of soft white hairs * Erechthites. 
Flowers usually all hermaphrodite, except in the 
ligulate species of Senecio. 
Style arms long subulate 19. G-ynura. 
Style arms with short appendages . . . .20. Emilia. 
Style arms truncate 21. Senecio. 
Flowers all perfect, yellow and strap-shaped. 
Achenes flattened. 
Achenes beaked 22. Lactuca. 
Achenes not beaked 23. Sonchus. 
Achenes cylindrical. 
Pappus-hairs free 24. Crepis. 
Pappus-hairs joined in a ring 25. Microrhynchus. 
1. VERNONIA, Schreb. 
Heads of many uniform perfect tubular purple or whitish flowers. 
Involucre campanulate ; scales very numerous, multiserial, linear, dry. 
Eeceptacle nearly flat, naked or fimbrilliferous. Corolla funnel-shaped, 
with 5 narrow lobes. Anthers sagittate at the base, not tailed. Style- 
branches long, subulate, pilose. Achenes cylindrical, with 8-10 minute 
ribs ; pappus biserial, as long as the achene. — Herbs or shrubs, with 
alternate leaves and numerous capitula in terminal corymbs. Distbib. 
Mostly Tropical American. Species 300-400. 
Annual, with small obovate-spathulate repand leaves . . 1. Y. cinerea. 
Shrubs. 
Leaves petioled, tomentose beneath 2. Y. populifolia. 
Leaves sessile, nearly glabrous 3. V. sechellensis. 
1. V. cinerea. Less.; DC. Prod. v. 24. A much-branched erect 
annual, 2-4 feet high, with slender finely downy branches. Leaves 
obovate, membranous, obtuse, petioled, 1-2 in. long, narrowed 
gradually at the base. Heads very numerous, stalked, in lax corymbose 
panicles. Involucre in. long and broad ; scales linear, grey-green, 
obscurely pilose. Florets 20-30. Receptacle naked, rather convex. 
Corolla bright purple. Achenes in. long, pilose ; outer row of 
pappus very short ; inner of soft white setse i in. long. 
Mauritius, and Seychelles, common in waste ground. Everywhere through 
the tropics of the Old World. Ayapana sauvage. 
2. V. populifolia, Spreng. Syst. iii. 434. A shrub 3-4 feet high, 
with woody sulcate tomentose branches. Leavetf distinctly petioled, 
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