JCanthium .] 
COMPOSITE. 
173 
1. X. strumarium, Linn. ; DC. Prod. v. 523. A large coarse 
annual, with spineless branches and leaves beneath obscurely 
grey -downy. Leaves distinctly petioled, deltoid, three-lobed, ir- 
regularly toothed. Heads few together in abundant terminal and 
axillary panicles, the males uppermost. Corolla of male flowers with 
a colourless tube and 5 short greenish lobes. Enlarged involucre of 
females oblong, with a beak on each side of the opening J in. long, 
slightly hairy between the copious firm spreading hooked spines. 
X. indicum, Boxb. ; D.C. loc. cit. 
Mauritius, frequent in waste ground about Port Louis, etc. Cosmopolitan. 
2. X. spinosum, Linn. ; DC. Prod. v. 523. Stems finely mealy, 
much branched, armed with trifid stramineous spines \-l inch long. 
Leaves nearly sessile, lanceolate-rhomboid, acuminate, usually with 1 or 
2 deep teeth at the middle, clothed beneath with white mealy tomentum. 
Heads 2-4 together from the axils of most of the leaves ; males 
about 30 in a head, with clavate yellowish-green corollas, with short 
lobes. Enlarged involucre of female flowers oblong, in. long. 
X. catharticum, H.B.K. ; DC. loc. cit. 
Mauritius, in waste ground near Port Louis, etc. Now cosmopolitan; probably 
originally American. 
* Centipeda minuta, Baker, (Myriogyne minuta, Less. ; DC. Prod. 
vi. 139 ; Hichrocephala minima, Bojer , Sort. Maur , 179), a common 
weed of Polynesia and Tropical Asia, is established in Mauritius on the 
banks of canals in the botanic garden at Pamplemousses. It is an 
annual, with dense csespitose trailing stems a few inches long, minute 
sessile alternate obovate-cuneate leaves often toothed in the upper half, 
copious subsessile globose heads in. thick, a small biserial in- 
volucre with oblong bracts with a membranous border, a naked flat 
receptacle, very numerous yellow tubular flowers, the outer rows 
female, the inner hermaphrodite and angular achenes without any 
pappus. 
17. CONYZA, Linn. 
Heads heterogamous, of very numerous flowers, all tubular, the 
outer ones female, the central hermaphrodite, all fertile with a slender 
corolla-tube. Involucre campanulate; scales numerous, imbricated, 
linear, herbaceous. Receptacle convex, naked. Anthers not tailed. 
Style-branches flattened, with lanceolate appendages. Achenes very 
minute, compressed; pappus uniserial, of numerous fine flexuose setae. 
— Herbs, with alternate toothed or divided leaves, and numerous 
corymbose or panicled heads. Distrib. Round the world in the 
warmer zones. Species about 50. 
1. C. lineariloba. DC. Prod. v. 385. A little-branched erect 
annual 2-3 feet high with densely pilose stems. Leaves crowded, the 
