422 
CYPERACE./E. 
[Scirpus. 
than the achene, armed with reflexed spines. Achene plano-convex, 
in. long, shining, nearly black. S. triangulatus, Roxb. S. javanus, 
Nees ; Kunth , j Enum. loc . cit. 
Mauritius and Seychelles, common in standing waters. Tropics of both 
hemispheres. 
11. LIPOCARPHA, R. Br. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in many - flowered spikelets. 
Glumes multifarious. Perianth of two navicular membranous scales. 
Stamens 1, rarely 2. Style 2-3-fid, articulated and falling away above 
the base. Achene plano-convex, enclosed in the perianth-scales. — Pe- 
rennial herbs, with a tuft of narrow leaves at the base and a few 
small spikelets congested into a single terminal head. Distrib. 
Tropics of both hemispheres. Species 5 or 6. 
1. L. argentea, R. Br. ; Kunth , Knum. ii. 266. Perennial, densely 
tufted. Stems 1-2 feet long, slender, terete. Leaves 5-6, narrow 
linear, T \-% in. broad, much shorter than the stem, glabrous. Spikelets 
4-8, ovoid, sessile or nearly so, congested into a single terminal head 
bracteated by 2-3 long linear-leaves, each 50-100-flowered. Glumes 
oblanceolate, obtuse, whitish, coriaceous, i n - long. Scales of 
perianth lanceolate-navicular, acute, twice as long as the oblong pale 
brown achene. Scirpus senegalensis, Lam. III. i. 140. 
Mauritius, in swamps of the Pouce, Pieter Both, etc. Tropics of both hemi- 
spheres. 
12. FUIRENA, Rottb. 
Flowers hermaphrodite, arranged in many-flowered cylindrical 
spikelets. Glumes inserted all round the axis, much imbricated. Hypo- 
gynous scales 3, minute, elliptic, membranous, usually alternating with 
3 bristles. Stamens 3, with long filaments. Style trifid. Achene 
triquetrous, tipped with the persistent base of the style. — Perennial 
herbs, with distantly leafy stems, and many-flowered spikelets con- 
gested into heads, which are usually arranged in panicles. Distrib. 
Warmer zones of both hemispheres. Species about 10. 
1. F. umbellata, Rottb. ; Kunth , Knum. ii. 185, var. F. capitata, 
Willd.; Kunth , Knum. ii. 186. Perennial, tufted. Stems 2-3 feet 
long, 5-angular, densely pilose upwards. Leaves 4-5 below the 
inflorescence, with pentagonal sheaths and a linear glabrous 5-nerved 
lamina i-i in. broad, 3-6 inches long. Heads 6-15, arranged in a 
lax panicle, the upper ones crowded ; spikelets 6-15 in globose heads 
f-J in. broad, each i long, sessile, 10-20-flowered. Glumes oblong- 
navicular, i n . long, 3 -nerved on the back, strongly ciliated at the 
top and tipped with a mucro as long or half as long as the glume, which 
