Eames . — The Morphology of A gat his australis. 29 
equal strength are found (Figs. 49 and 50). This means that reduction has 
occurred in the scale, which is normally far the larger member, and perhaps 
enlargement in the bract. The bundle originates as a broken cylinder 
(Fig. 46). The upper series arises from this a short distance out in the 
scale. Further, the upper series, though well developed, supplies only the 
ovules. Here fusion of the two series has progressed out into the scale, and 
the upper series has still further disappeared, in that its distal portion is 
lost— a condition like that found in Group II of Araucaria . Compare 
Figs. 1 7-23 with Figs. 48-52. Exactly parallel conditions obtain. 
A long step towards simplification has been made in A. selaginoides. 
The sporophyll supply arises as a single normally oriented bundle — clearly 
a remnant of the stronger strand of the other two species. Compare Figs. 
39, 46, 53. About one-third the distance out along the scale, a weak upper 
series of two bundles arises (Figs. 55 and 56). These are ovular supply, 
and represent the upper series. The lower series continues without change 
towards the tip. 
Another genus of the Taxodineae shows great coalescence and 
reduction — Cunninghamia . Fig. 85, a longitudinal diagram, suggests the 
extent to which external changes have occurred. A small projection, 
ligule-like, without vascular supply, situated beyond the attachment of the 
ovules, is the only vestige of the fertile scale. The bract is much enlarged, 
with strong bundle system. The upper series, though fairly strong, is ovular 
supply only. These features are further exemplified in the transverse 
series diagrams. A single bundle arises from the axis (Fig. 60) as in 
Agatkis, Saxegothaea, A thro taxis selaginoides , &c. Near the base of the 
scale this throws off a weak bundle, which inverts itself (Figs. 61 and 62). 
It immediately divides into three, each of which supplies an ovule (Figs. 
63-5). Thus another example is presented of the almost complete dominance 
of the bract. 
The study of these three genera — Araucaria , Athrotaxis , and Cunning* 
hamia , makes intelligible the condition found in Agathis. In this genus 
simplification has reached a very high degree — absolute coalescence of 
bract and ovuliferous scale, the latter being fused into the former and 
obliterated. The upper xylein is also extremely reduced, only Group III 
of the genus Araucaria having progressed further in this direction. The 
former presence of the scale can be detected only by comparisons. 
Figs. 67-74 and 86 demonstrate the anatomy of the cone scale of Agathis 
australis. A single bundle, normally oriented, leaves the central cylinder of 
the cone (Fig. 67, and also PI. IV, Fig. 41), and divides into three (Fig. 68) 
just before entering the scale base. The median bundle remains undivided 
throughout its course, though diminishing in size ; the lateral bundles 
divide repeatedly, forming a fan-shaped series of as many as twenty. About 
half-way out under the ovule the median bundle gives rise to a smaller 
