E antes . — The Morphology of Agathis australis . 31 
bundle (Fig. 70), which immediately becomes inversely oriented (Fig. 71). 
This soon divides into two weak strands (Fig. 72) which pass out into the 
base of the ovule (Fig. 73). Beyond this point only the strong lower 
series is found (Fig. 74). This will be seen to be almost exactly the 
structure of Cunninghamia , and of A thro taxis selaginoides. In these two 
plants, however, there is more than one ovule, a feature which causes 
a slightly less simple arrangement. 
In the study of the cone scale of Agathis, several species besides 
A. australis were investigated. These in general display a closely similar 
anatomy. A. vitiensis only is divergent. Its upper series has not entirely 
disappeared. Figs. 87-92 are diagrams to show the origin and position of 
all bundles of this series. In its proximal portion the vascular series is 
essentially the same as that of A. australis, and has not been represented. 
The ovular supply consists of many more bundles than in the Kauri, and, 
further, is drawn from the five or seven median bundles (Figs. 87-9). 
(The vertical lines limit laterally the ovular supply bundles and those of 
the lower series from which these arise.) Each of these may divide once 
or twice, and ten or fifteen bundles enter the ovule. The latter is attached 
along the edge of a horseshoe-shaped swelling, the curve extending down 
between the wing-shoulders to the base of the ovule proper. Along this 
line the bundles pass out (Figs. 90 and 91). Very weak branches pass on 
from some of these bundles into the scale beyond for a short distance 
(Fig. 91). Not only do the seven median bundles give off an upper series, 
but all members of the lower series also divide in this manner. The division 
of these bundles begins soon after the ovular group has been formed 
(Fig. 89), and passes progressively outward laterally until each has formed 
opposite to it an inverted bundle. All of the latter persist to the end of 
the scale. The appearance given (Figs. 91 and 92) is that of an upper 
series formed by the folding over of the lower, in the manner in which in 
Sequoia a false lower is formed from the upper. This effect is given by the 
removal of the central portion by the ovule. The origin of the series is clear. 
The definite inverse orientation shows that the double series cannot be 
accounted for merely by the large size of the scale. Thus even in the 
genus Agathis remnants of the double series occur. In A. Bidwillii 
and A. alba ten to twelve traces supply the ovule, being derived from the 
three median traces ; in A. borneensis there are six to eight, and in A.spimc- 
losa four to eight traces, also all derived from the three median bundles. 
Thus in the redaction of its ovular supply to two weak strands, and the 
derivation of those from the median bundle only, A. australis seems to be 
the least primitive. 
The Araucarineae and the Podocarpineae, having simple sporophylls, 
have been supposed by some to form one section of the Coniferales, and all 
others with compound strobili another. Thomson ( 17 ) has termed the first 
