Reproductive Structures in the Podocarpineae. 45 
from one another, and each in the axil of a small bract (Fig. 1 6 ; Diagram 2, A). 
The vascular cylinder of the axis is a ring of small bundles, each with its 
cortical canal (Fig. 19 ; Diagram 2, B). Immediately after the departure of 
the strand which supplies the bract two larger ones are given off, one from 
each side of the gap (which soon closes), and as these pass outward through 
the cortex they approach each other by their adaxial ends, as in Etipodo- 
carpus, and thus display an orientation inverse to that of the bract bundle 
(Diagram 2, c). The bract immediately becomes free and these two strands, 
which lie next each other but do not fuse, pass upward into the dorsal side 
of the epimatium (Diagram 2, D), and on ascending diverge until they lie 
about 90 degrees apart on the circumference of the ovule. They converge 
again considerably as they approach the chalazal end, where each sends 
a small bundle into the base of the ovule (Diagram 2, f) and then enters 
the apical knob, turns at a sharp angle, and descends into the ventral side 
of the epimatium without further branching. A cross-section through the 
median region of the ovule will thus show four bundles in the epimatium, 
nearly equidistant from one another (Diagram 2, e), the xylem of each facing 
outward and often tending to surround the phloem entirely. The nucellus 
is free for nearly half its length from the integument, which is intimately 
fused, save at its very tip, with the epimatium. The latter is plentifully 
supplied with large canals and becomes fleshy at maturity, but the integu- 
ment ripens into an exceedingly hard and stony protective shell. 
P. ferrugineus is closely related to P. spicatus , and the anatomy of 
the female strobilus in the two species is similar. The cone axis of 
P. ferrugineus, however, has been reduced to a very short branch bearing 
a few small scales and terminated by one, or occasionally two, inverted 
ovules (Figs. 15 and 17; Diagram 3, A). This short axis contains a ring of 
bundles and of canals, as do the other species, and a small strand is given 
off to each of the spirally arranged sterile bracts (Diagram 3, B). At the 
insertion of the ovule, however, one small bundle and its canal enter the 
fertile bract, and the remainder of the vascular ring divides into two large 
strands which orient themselves inversely to the bract bundle, and side by side 
enter the epimatium of the ovule (PI. VII, Fig. 20 ; Diagram 3, C and D). In 
the rare cases where two ovules are present they are each supplied by a pair 
of bundles. The two strands now pass upward close together to the chalaza, 
where each sends a small bundle into the base of the ovule (Diagram 3, F) 
and then turns at an abrupt angle and passes downward, dying out near the 
micropyle. These two basipetal extensions g;o down on either side, directly 
opposite each other, and each lies just outside the lateral ridge of the integu- 
ment. A median transverse section therefore shows two large dorsal bundles, 
close together, and two smaller lateral ones (PI. VI, Fig. 18 ; Diagram 3, E). 
The xylem in all faces outward, and in the dorsal bundles, at least, often 
surrounds the phloem entirely. Many small strands, apparently of phloem, 
