52 
Sinnott . — The Morphology of the 
are continuous with them. A poorly developed epimatium surrounds the 
partially erect ovule. A single bundle departs from the axis to the fertile 
bract, and from its ventral side is given off a solitary strand with inverse 
orientation, which soon divides into two and enters the base of the ovule 
(Diagram 8, d). 
Three species of Phyllocladus were investigated by the writer : P. 
glaucus , P. trichomcmoides , and P. alpinus. In the last two, the female 
cone consists usually of one or two fertile bracts in a rather spherical head, 
but in P. glaucus there are from ten to twenty bracts, and they are arranged 
spirally. In all three species the short stout bract bears at its base a single 
erect ovule, the lower half of which is surrounded by a symmetrical papery 
epimatium, late in developing (Diagram 7, a). The vascular system of the 
cone axis consists of a cylinder of bundles which sends forth a single strand 
to supply each bract (Diagram 7, B). From the sides of the gap, as in 
Podocarpus , arise two bundles which orient themselves inversely and pass 
directly into the base of the ovule. The integument is entirely free from 
the nucellus and from the epimatium, and is differentiated into two layers, 
an outer sclerotic one and an inner one less firm in texture. 
Discussion of the morphological significance of the strobilar anatomy 
in the Podocarpineae will be reserved until after an account of the develop- 
ment of the male and female gametophytes and of the embryo. 
Male Gametophyte. 
The important facts in the history of the male gametophyte of the 
Podocarpineae are now comparatively well known, and the main result 
of the present investigation has therefore been to confirm previous observa- 
tions and to extend them to a few more species. Material for study was 
available of the early stages of the male gametophyte in Podocarpus japonic 
cus and P. macrophylhis ; of mature or nearly mature pollen, and usually of 
tube formation, in P. Totara , P. spinulosus , P. spicatus , P. ferrughieus , 
P. dacrydioides , Dacrydium intermedium , and D. cupressinum , and of 
almost everything from archesporium to the formation of male cells in 
P. Hallii and P. elatus. 
The sporogenous cells are thin walled and have large nuclei. They are 
first differentiated when the sporophyll is very small and increase rapidly 
in number as the sporangium grows larger. Around the sporogenous tissue 
is eventually developed a narrow tapetum, and the sporangium wall outside 
this consists of a few rows of thin-walled cells and of a very stout, much 
thickened epidermis. The microspore mother-cells are eventually rounded 
off, and each divides into a tetrad of spores. 
The development and structure of wings on the microspore was care- 
fully observed, for their presence is one of the most important features 
of the pollen of the Podocarpineae, and serves to distinguish the family from 
