Reproductive Structures in the Podocarpineae . 53 
all other Conifers save the Abietineae. Two large wings on each spore were 
found throughout the sub-genera Eupodocarpus and Stachy carpus. The 
occurrence of three wings in Podocarpus dacrydioides , which had previously 
been reported, was found to be the normal condition for this species, though 
four were occasionally present. The wings here are somewhat smaller 
in proportion to the grain than in the other sub-genera. The mature pollen 
of Dacrydium intermedium shows two well-developed wings, but in D. cu - 
pressinum they are very much reduced in proportional size, and have 
a wrinkled and shrunken appearance (PI. V, Fig. 6 and PI. VII, Fig. 24). 
In this species, however, young pollen-grains with but a single nucleus 
were occasionally found in the nearly ripe sporangia, and these were distin- 
guishable by the possession of two wings large in proportion to the size 
of the spore and of the normal Podocarpus type (Fig. 5). The more 
rapid growth of the spore finally results in their partial obliteration. The 
pollen of Microcachrys as described by Thomson has normally three wings, 
but occasionally four, five, or six. In Saxegothea they are altogether 
lacking. The microspore of Phyllocladus shows two wings, irregular in 
shape and much reduced. It seems entirely probable, as we shall endeavour 
to show, that the wings in the Podocarpineae are the exact homologues 
of similar structures in the Abietineae, and that their absence or poor 
development in certain genera and species is due to reduction. 
The details of gametophytic development agree with those reported in 
previous accounts. Two prothallial cells are cut off and persist, giving rise 
to a varying amount of vegetative tissue. In the mature grain of Podo- 
carpus this usually consists of from six to eight cells, and there are in 
addition a stalk and a body-cell and a tube nucleus. All of these except 
the body-cell are eventually represented by free nuclei, among which 
the tube and stalk nuclei are usually indistinguishable. In Dacrydium 
cupressinum there are from four to six, but in D. intermedium never more 
than four, prothallial cells and vegetative nuclei. 
The germination of the pollen-grain was observed in P. Totara , 
P. Hallii , P. elatus , P. ferrtigineus , P. spicatus , P. dacrydioides , and 
Dacrydium cupressinum. Into the tube as it penetrates the nucellus passes 
the procession of free nuclei, which here lose their spherical shape and 
become considerably elongated. The body-cell, conspicuous by its size, is 
the last to leave the pollen-grain and migrates slowly down through the 
nucellar tissue (PI. V, Fig. 4). Just before fertilization its nucleus divides 
into two, of which one is naked, and the other, destined to unite with the 
egg, is surrounded by a dense body of cytoplasm (PI. IX, Fig. 50). In 
Stachycarpus these male cells are buried close to the neck of the arche- 
gonium by the growing endosperm (PI. V, Fig. 2). 
