Black . — The Morphology of Riccia Frostii , A zest. 525 
cord some little distance beyond the nucleus (Figs. 85-90). Both nucleus 
and blepharoplast elongate considerably, the nucleus thins and has about 
one and one-half coils, the cilia elongate, and the head persists as a distinct 
part of the sperm. Figs. 89 and 90 show the oldest sperms found in the 
antheridia. They may become more slender and more or less coiled just 
before they are discharged. The mature sperm then consists of the following 
parts : a homogeneous nuclear portion, the transformed nucleus of the sperm 
cell, and the cytoplasm, represented by a blepharoplast terminating in a head 
and bearing two cilia. A small amount of cytoplasm may persist as a vesicle. 
In animal cells, the centrosome has been well established. The centro- 
some or the modified centrosome becomes an essential part of the mature 
animal spermatozoon (Wilson (47)). Chamberlain, in ‘Mitosis in Pellia\ 
concludes that centrosomes, centrospheres, and blepharoplasts are histori- 
cally related, and with their radiations, spindle fibres, and cilia are only 
different manifestations of kinoplasmic activity — movement in all cases being 
the principal function. Webber (44, 45, 46) does not consider the origin of 
the blepharoplast in Zamia a centrosome. Ikeno (26) considers the bodies 
found at the poles in Marchantia centrosomes, and that the centrosomes 
persist in the last division, becoming the blepharoplasts. Lewis does not 
believe the presence of the polar granules in spermogenous tissue in Riccio- 
carpus natans sufficient to warrant considering them true centrosomes. 
Woodburn (48) does not believe that the bodies occurring at the poles 
in the last division of Marchantia and Fegatella are true centrosomes, 
inasmuch as they have no genetic continuity, and in appearance and 
behaviour are not characteristic of centrosomes. Escoyez (15), in Mar- 
chantia , finds only in the last division the bodies which by their form and 
position resemble centrosomes. He adds that they are not true centrosomes, 
but organs sui generis , the blepharoplasts. Mottier (37), in discussing the 
homology of the blepharoplast and the centrosome, maintains that organs, 
to be homologous, must be organs in a morphological sense. 
In a paper by Allen (1) on Poly trichum Juniperinum , Willd., the name 
4 androcyte ’ is suggested for the cell which will become the antherozoid. 
The cells of the penultimate generation are then the ‘ androcyte 5 mother- 
cells, while a member of any other cell -generation within the antheridium is 
termed an ‘ androgone \ The last division is not diagonal. Kinoplasmic 
bodies appear in the cytoplasm of the 4 androgones 5 as irregular plates or 
membranes. They are designated as 4 polar plates ’, and are distinguished 
before there is any visible preparation for mitosis in the nucleus. The polar 
plate is divided transversely, and the daughter plates occupy positions on 
opposite sides of the nucleus. The spindle fibres grow out from them. 
These kinetosomes are considered by Allen to be unorganized masses of 
material used in the formation of the spindle fibres and cell plate. They 
remain during mitosis and are transferred from mother to daughter cell. 
