642 
Harper . — Defoliation in Larix . 
EXPLANATION OF FIGURES IN PLATES XLIX AND L. 
Illustrating Mr. Harper’s paper on Defoliation. 
All are photomicrographs of transverse sections of the trunk of Larix europaea , with a magnifi- 
cation of 37 diameters except in the case of Figs. 1 and 15, which are magnified only 13 diameters. 
x indicates the autumnal boundary of the first ring to be affected by defoliation. y x y 2 y 3 , &c., 
denote the number of years that have passed since the formation of any particular ring. When 
comparison with other parts of the tree shows that certain rings are absent from a section (see p. 629) 
it is always assumed that these are the most recent rings of all (Figs. 16, 17, 18), unless there is 
positive evidence to the contrary (as in Figs. 6 and 7). m = multiple ring. 
PLATE XLIX. 
Fig. 1. Tree D. Westmorland. Thriving. Showing the first effects of defoliation four rings 
from the outside. i6£ feet from ground, x 13. 
Fig. 2. As above. 11 feet from ground. 
Fig. 3. As above. 33 feet from ground, showing the third ring from outside broader than in 
the foregoing lower section, Fig. 2. 
Fig. 4. Tree B. Merioneth. Thriving. Showing first effects five rings from outside. 10 feet 
from ground. 
Fig. 5. Tree C. Merioneth. Thriving. Showing partial disappearance of second ring from 
outside. Base of tree. 
Fig. 6. As above. 12 feet from ground. 
Fig. 7. Tree B. Merioneth. Thriving. Cp. with Fig. 4. The third ring from the outside is 
only shown at A. Base of tree. 
Fig. 8. Tree E. Westmorland. Dead. Two outermost rings have completely failed. 
i6| feet from ground. 
PLATE L. 
Fig. 9. Tree D. Base of tree. Cp. with Figs. 1 and 2 at i6§ and n feet from ground 
respectively. Boundary of fourth ring scarcely visible, between A and B. 
Fig. 10. Tree F. Westmorland. Dying. 27^ feet from ground. 
Pig. 11. Tree C. 32 feet from ground. Cp. with Fig. 12 and Pigs. 5 and 6, and with 
Table VIII. 
Fig. 12. The opposite side of the same section to that shown in Fig. 11. 
Fig. 13. Showing the fusing up of 1 multiple rings’ in a larch-tree before the Sawfly attack 
commenced. 
Fig. 14. Section of Abies timber, showing a ‘ double ring’. 
Fig. 15. Tree F. Section near a wound (canker), showing traumatic zones of resin ducts, 
especially in the spring wood, x 13. 
Fig. 16. Tree E. Cp. Fig. 8. Zone of resin ducts, probably traumatic. Base of tree. 
Fig. 17. As above. 1 1 feet from ground. Ducts abnormally formed. 
Fig. 18. As above. i6| feet from ground. Cp. with Fig. 17 the weakly formed cells between 
A and B. 
