244 Holden . — Some Fossil Plants from Eastern Canada. 
view is set forth in greater detail with a proposition to divide the strata of 
the island into two groups, Permo-Carboniferous and Trias, the latter being 
subdivided into Upper and Lower. Since then, Mr. Francis Bain has dis- 
covered a number of fossil plants, including the so-called Tylodendron Baini , 
in the previously designated Lower Trias, which led him to regard it as 
Permian. 1 Still later, Mr. Ells of the Geological Survey of Canada re- 
examined the rocks of Prince Edward Island, and stated 2 that the greater 
part of the island is Permian, and that the Trias is of very limited extent. 
Inasmuch as the beds under discussion, in both New Brunswick and 
Prince Edward Island, are richly fossiliferous, it seemed desirable to re- 
investigate them from a palaeobotanical standpoint. The receipt of the Wilby 
Prize of RadclifTe College enabled the writer to do this in the summer of 
1911, and much material was collected from all these localities, which it is 
the object of this article to describe. 
Prince Edward Island. 
Since the outcrops are much more numerous on Prince Edward Island, 
it will be advisable to describe them first. From Cape Traverse east to the 
Tryon River, there are occasional pieces of silicified wood to be picked up 
along the shore ; they are, unfortunately, for the most part small and 
indifferently preserved. From Tryon River to Sable River, on the other 
hand, such pieces are exceedingly abundant, especially near Victoria. Here 
it is possible to collect specimens eighteen inches or more in length, and six 
or seven in diameter, lying partially buried in the mud and sea-weed, 
uncovered only at low tide. In addition to this petrified wood, many sand- 
stone pith casts of Tylodendron may be found. From Sable River to 
Charlottetown good material is rare, though there is some wood at both 
Canoe Cove and Holland Cove. For some miles east of Charlottetown this 
fossiliferous layer is entirely lacking, but at Gallas Point, about twenty miles 
to the south-east, it reappears. Here tree trunks, sometimes two feet in 
diameter, may be seen extending into the cliffs. Usually the woody 
cylinder has been broken up and removed by the action of the tides, which 
accounts for the abundance of small pieces along the reefs. Pith casts may 
be found here, but they are comparatively rare. On the east side of Gallas 
Point, the grey fossiliferous sandstones are replaced by cliffs of a compact 
reddish sandstone, and in them are many impressions of Tylodendron and 
Sternbergian pith casts, Cordaites leaves, &c. On the islands of Hills- 
borough Bay, a ledge on the north shore of Governor’s Island has an 
abundance of impressions, while at St. Peter’s there are also pith casts of 
both the Tylodendron and Sternbergian types, together with a small amount 
of petrified wood. 
1 Canadian Record of Science, July, 1S85. 
2 Report of 1883. 
