Holden . — Some Fossil Plants from Eastern Canada. 253 
them the process of adhesion has become more and more complete, until 
in Agctthis there is no external evidence of the primitively double nature 
of the cone scale, while in Araucaria the sterile bract is now represented 
by the ligule. That this is the true explanation is indicated by the double 
series of vascular bundles in the cone scale of some species of Araucaria. 
That Voltzia , whose Araucarian affinities are proved by the absence of 
‘ bars of Sanio ’, should have a double scale similar to that of Cryptomeria , 
is additional evidence that the condition now obtaining in the living 
Araucarians is, as in the Cupressineae and Taxodineae, the result of 
a coalescence of parts originally separate. As an intermediate stage 
between that of living Araucarineae and that of the Triassic Voltzia 
may be mentioned the Cretaceous Protodammara , which has a single scale 
and three seeds. It is interesting to note that the Voltzia type of cone 
scale, consisting of two segments, persisted into the Cretaceous. Hollick 
and Jeffrey (op. cit.) described this form under the name of Dactylolepis 
cryptomerioides , diagnosing it as Araucarian, with the suggestion that if there 
should prove to be any close affinity between this specimen and Voltzia , 
the latter would have to be removed from the Taxodineae, and placed in 
the Araucarineae. That this suggestion was justified is now evident from 
the wood structure of Voltzia coburgensis. 
The occurrence of plant remains at Martin’s Head is of importance in 
correlating the Trias of New Brunswick with that of the eastern United 
States. Newberry 1 figures, from the Newark of New Jersey, a pith cast 
which strongly resembles those from Martin’s Head. He calls his specimen 
Palissya, though stating that the resemblance to Voltzia coburgensis is so 
great, that he is deterred from diagnosing it as such only by the absence 
of foliage referable to that genus. Both he and Fontaine 2 mention the 
occurrence of Cheirolepis , which Potonie (loc. cit., p. 303) considers to be 
sufficiently near to V. coburgensis to justify its inclusion in his new genus 
Voltziopsis. Accordingly, it seems probable that V. coburgensis is common 
to both localities. Another bit of evidence that these beds are coeval 
is afforded by the presence at Martin’s Head of an Equisetum , which seems 
identical with that figured by Fontaine as Equisetum Roger sii, Schimper. 
Different authorities have correlated the Trias of the eastern United States 
with every horizon from the Permian to the Jura. Fontaine (loc. cit.), from 
a comparison of the plants, concluded that it is Rhaetic, but more recently 
Stur 3 showed that it is nearer the German Lettenkohlen or Lower Keuper. 
This conclusion is borne out by the plant remains from Martin’s Head ; for 
1 Newberry, J. S. : Fossil Fishes and Fossil Plants of the Triassic Rocks of New Jersey and 
Connecticut Valley. Monographs of U.S. Geol. Survey, 14, 1888. 
2 Fontaine : The Older Mesozoic Flora of Virginia. Monographs of U.S. Geol. Survey, 6, 
1883. 
3 Die Lunzer-Lettenkohlen in den ‘ Older Mesozoic Beds of the Coal-Field of Eastern 
Virginia’. Verh. KK. Geol. Reichsanst., 1888, pp. 203-17. 
T 
