Actinostrobus pyramidalis , Miq. 323 
Smith ( 1 ). Owing, however, to the fact that the tips of the fertile scales 
are only slightly divergent, the second (inner) ‘ apex ’ is far less conspicuous 
than in Callitris , the original morphological apex being on a level with it, 
and more or less hiding it in an external view of the cone. 
A median longitudinal section of a cone scale in a three-quarter grown 
cone is shown in outline in Text-fig. 1, indicating the points noted above, 
and also showing the course of the vascular bundles, and the position of 
a resin sac. In the Callitrineae the two distinct apices of the mature cone 
scales cannot be regarded as any evidence of the double nature of those 
structures ; in the young scale only one apex is present, the second being 
produced, as shown by Baker and Smith (loc. 
cit.), simply by the bulging inwards and up- 
wards, with mutual pressure, of the inner faces 
of the fertile scales. Since the authors quoted 
have carefully described and figured theprocess, 
it is not necessary to discuss it further. The 
two sets of vascular strands are present as usual, 
as shown in the figure. 
Each cone terminates in a central colu- 
mella, which, as in Callitris , contains a large 
resin cavity. The seeds are usually three- 
winged. 
The male cones are 5-6 mm. in length, or 
sometimes less, when mature, and are found in 
the axils of foliage leaves, 6-10 occurring on 
one branchlet. The sporophylls are in six 
vertical rows, made up of about nine alternating 
whorls of three in the larger cones. The sporo- sec * lon the upper part of a nearly 
phylls are regularly peltate, like those of 
Widdringtonia and Callitris , the peltate expansion having a brown 
margin, and the stalk bears usually three sporangia on its proximal side. 
The axis elongates rapidly at the time of dehiscence of the sporangia, 
as in many other Conifers, separating the sporophylls, and the sporangia 
open irregularly. 
The plants are monoecious, like other Callitrineae. 
Laboratory Investigation. 
The methods used in this investigation have been substantially the 
same as those employed in the study of Callitris. The fixing-agent 
employed for almost all the collections was the following : 
Picric acid (saturated solution in 50 per cent, alcohol) . 100 c.c. 
Mercuric chloride (corrosive sublimate) , . . .5 grammes. 
Acetic acid (glacial) 5 c.c. 
