342 
Saxton . — Contributions to the Life-history of 
1 6. The haploid and diploid numbers of chromosomes are eight and 
sixteen, respectively. 
17. The occurrence of lateral archegonia in Conifers is regarded as 
a specialized condition, which probably arose independently at least twice 
in the history of the group. 
Literature cited. 
1 . Baker, R. T., and Smith, H. G. : A Research on the Pines of Australia. Sydney, 1910. 
2 . Bower, F. O. : Studies in the Morphology of Spore-producing Members. 1894-1903. 
3 . Coker, W. C. : Notes on the Gametophytes and Embryo of Podocarpus. Bot. Gazette, 
vol. xxxiii, 1902, pp. 89-107, Pis. v-vii. 
4 . Coulter, J. M. : Evolutionary Tendencies among Gymnosperms. Bot. Gazette, vol. xlviii, 
1909, pp. 81-97. 
5 . and Chamberlain, C. J. : Morphology of Gymnosperms. The University of 
Chicago Press, Chicago, 1910. 
6 and Land, W. J. G. : Gametophytes and Embryo of Torreya taxifolia. Bot. 
Gazette, vol. xxxix, 1905, pp. 161-178, Pis. A, i-iii. 
7 . Ferguson, M. C. : Contributions to the Life-history of Finns , with Special Reference to Sporo- 
genesis, the Development of the Gametophytes, and Fertilization. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci., 
vol. vi, 1904, pp. 1-102, Pis. i-xxiv. 
8. Gibbs, L. S. : On the Development of the Female Strobilus in Podocarpus . Ann. Bot., 
vol. xxvi, 1912, pp. 515-71, Pis. xlix-liii. 
9 . Goebel, K. : Outlines of Classification and Special Morphology. English translation, 1887. 
10 . Hill, T. G., and de Fraine, E. ; On the Seedling Structure of Gymnosperms. I. Ann. Bot., 
• vol. xxii, 1908, pp. 689-712, PI. xxxv. 
11 . Jaeger, L. : Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Endospermbildung und zur Embryologie von Taxus 
baccata. Flora, vol. lxxxvi, 1899, pp. 241-88, Pis. xv-xix. 
12 . Juel, H. O. : Ueber den Pollenschlauch von Cupressus. Flora, vol. xciii, 1904, pp. 56-62, 
PI. iii. 
13 . Land, W. J. G. : Fertilization and Embryogeny in Ephedra trifurca. Bot. Gazette, vol. xliv, 
1907, PP* 273—92, Pis. xx-xxii. 
14 . Lawson, A. A. : The Gametophyte, Archegonia, Fertilization, and Embryo of Sequoia semper- 
virens. Ann. Bot., vol. xviii, 1904, pp. 1-28, Pis. i-iv. 
15 . Lutman, B. F. : Cell and Nuclear Division in Closterium. Bot. Gazette, vol. li, 1911, 
pp. 401-30, Pis. xxii, xxiii. 
16 . Miyake, K. : The Development of the Gametophytes and Embryogeny of Cunninghamia 
sinensis. Beih. Bot. Centralbl., xxvii, 1911, pp. 1-25, Pis. i-v. 
17 . Nichols, G. E. : A Morphological Study of Juniperus communis , var. depressa. Beih. Bot. 
Centralbl., vol. xxv, 1910, pp. 201-41, Pis. viii-xvii. 
18 . Pearson, H. H. W. : Further Observations on Welwitschia. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 
B, vol. cc, 1909, pp. 331-402, Pis. xxii-xxx. 
19 . Saxton, W. T. : Preliminary Account of the Development of the Ovule, Gametophytes, and 
Embryo of Widdringtonia cupressoides , Endl. Bot. Gazette, vol. xlviii, 1909, pp. 161-78, 
PI. xi. 
: Contributions to the Life-history of Widdringtonia cupressoides. Bot. 
Gazette, vol. 1 , 1910, pp. 31-48, Pis. i-iii. 
20 . 
