356 
Takeda. — Some Points in the Anatomy of 
in Angiosperms (13, p. 1107 ; 11, p. 98, tab. 3, Figs. 1-3 ; cf. also 13, p. 2). 
It is also interesting to notice that in Ephedra this mineral salt occurs in 
the cell- wall, while in Gnetum , Ginkgo , Ceratozamia , Cycas, Dioon , Encepha - 
lartos , and Zamia , it is deposited in the cell-lumen as clustered crystals. 
The phloem is of the Gymnospermic type, the companion cell being 
absent. 
The presence of tracheae seems somewhat to enfeeble our view of 
regarding these three genera as Gymnosperms, yet the perforation is not 
typical Angiospermic, but incomplete, showing only transition. Another 
interesting point is that the mode of the development of the bordered pits 
in Gnetales is of the type predominant in Conifers (on this subject another 
paper is in view). 
From the facts here mentioned I consider Welwitsckia and all other 
members of Gnetales as Gymnosperms, and cannot agree with the hypotheses 
recently put forward by Hallier (5, 6) and Lignier andTison (9, 10). I am 
also not in favour of the hypothesis that the Gnetales have a closer relationship 
to the Cycadales than to the Coniferales. As far as the anatomical features 
are concerned, Welwitsckia is more closely related to Ephedra than to 
Gnetum . 
In conclusion I express my hearty thanks to Professor Farmer for his 
kind criticism. 
Bibliography. 
1. Bertrand, C. E. : Anatomie des Gnetacees et des Coniferes. Ann. Sc. Nat., Bot., ser. 5, xx, 
1875. 
2. Bower, F. O. : On the Germination and Histology of the Seedling of Welwitsckia mirabilis. 
Quart. Journ. Micr. Sc., xxi, 1881. 
3. : On the Further Development of Welwitsckia mirabilis . Ibid. 
4. de Bary, A. : Comparative Anatomy of Phanerogams and Ferns. Engl. Trans., 1884. 
5. Hallier, H. : Provisional Scheme of the Natural System of Flowering Plants. New Phytologist, 
iv, 1905. 
0, . Ei n ZW eiter Entwurf des natiirlichen Systems der Bliitenpflanzen. Ber. d. D. Bot. 
Gesellch., 1905. 
7. Hill, T. G., and de Fraine, E. : On the Seedling Structure of Gymnosperms, IV. Ann. Bot., 
xxiv, 1910. 
8. Hooker, J. D. : On Welwitsckia : a New Genus of Gnetaceae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot., 
xxiv, 1863. 
9. Lignier, O., et Tison, A. : Les Gnetales sont des Angiospermes apetales. Compt. Rend. 
Acad. Sci., cliii, 1911. 
10. : Les Gndtales. Ann. Sc. Nat., Bot,, ser. 9, xvi, nos 1 a 3, 1912. 
11. Pfitzer, E. : Ueber die Einlagerung von Kalkoxalat-Krystallen in die pflanzliche Zellhaut. 
Flora, lv, 1872. 
12. Rothert, W. : Ueber den Bau der Membran der pflanzlichen Gefasse. Bull. Acad. Sc. 
Cracovie, 1899. 
