200 
Takeda . — Some Points in the Morphology of the 
node in the middle and upper parts of the stem, i. e. two true leaves and 
two stipules, the latter resembling the former, but easily distinguishable 
from the true leaves at the same node by the fact that they are often 
smaller, and also that they are always bearded at the base of the petiole. 
In the lower part of the stem there are again two interfoliar stipules, 
which, however, are quite distinct in appearance from the true leaves, 
being small and scale-like. They are subulate or triangular, membranous, 
often thinly ciliate on the margin, and also more or less barbate at the base 
(Fig. 9). In one of the specimens collected on Mt. Fuji in 1887, and sent 
to Kew from the Tokyo Imperial University, the writer found a small, 
scale-like stipule with a forked midrib at a node in the lowermost region 
of the stem, the apex of the stipule being at the same time slightly indented 
(Fig. 10). The writer has not been so fortunate as to find in this species 
Figs. 9. 
10. 
11. 
1 2. 
Figs. 9-1 i. Galium paradoxum, Maxim., showing scale-like interfoliar stipules from the lower 
region of stem. Figs. 9 and 11, x 7, fig. 10 x 6. Fig. 12. Galium saxatile , Linn. Stipule with 
two separate midribs, x 6. Fig. 13. Asperula asterocephala , Bornm. Stipule with two separate 
midribs, x 2. 
any stipules with two separate midribs. A case has, however, been found 
in which two separate, small, scale-like stipules are present on one side 
of a node near the very base of the stem of one of the specimens gathered 
by Wilson in Changyang, in the province of Hupeh, China (Fig. 11). 
A third instance of ‘ four-leaved ’ species occasionally producing stipules 
with two midribs is presented by Aspenda asterocephala , Bornm. 1 This 
handsome perennial, which w r as discovered by Bornmuller in Kurdistan, 
attains a height of about 40 cm., and always bears four ‘ leaves ’ at each 
node, just as the first example given above. The stipules can readily be 
distinguished from the true leaves by the fact that they are always dis- 
tinctly smaller than the latter at the same node, and one-nerved, while the 
true leaves are often provided with one or two lateral veins on either side 
of the midrib. Towards the apex of the stem the stipules become very 
much reduced in size, often to such an extent as to appear almost scale-like, 
1 In Mittheil. Thiir. Bot. Ver., N. Folge, vol. vii (1895), p. 7. 
