5 1 6 Worsdell . — The Morphology of the Monocoty ledonous 
The epiblasts of Koeleria , Eleusine (Fig. 7, B), Danthonia , and Brachy- 
podium show a similar structure. How Coulter can explain the structure of 
the epiblasts in these Grasses (figures of which are given by his favourite 
author Bruns) in favour of the latter being a second cotyledon is to me 
a mystery. Just as the forked coleoptile observed in certain seedlings 
of Maize is evidence of its compound nature, in the same way the bifid 
epiblast of Stipa and Koeleria is evidence of the compound nature of 
this organ. 
Thus we see that counterparts of all the foliar structures of the seed- 
ling can be found for the searching in the foliar structures of the mature 
plant ; and, as a result of a careful comparative investigation, Celakovsky 
reaches the convincing con- 
clusion that the epiblast also is 
part and parcel of the cotyledon, 
and that there are no natural or 
legitimate grounds whatever for 
regarding it as an independent 
foliar organ. 
Schlickum regarded the 
epiblast, owing mainly to the 
downward extension which 
it possesses, as part of the 
coleorhiza. But Celakovsky 
points out that the scutellum 
has a similar outgrowth which is to be regarded as the foliar base of 
that organ, analogous to the similar outgrowth from the succulent leaf of 
some species of Sedum . The epiblast having become a quasi-independent 
foliar organ, it has come to form its own foliar base. 
Position of the Cotyledon. 
Finally, we have to determine th z position of the scutellum (cotyledon), 
whether it is terminal or lateral to the axis of the seedling. 
As the construction of the Grass-embryo is essentially the same as that 
of other Monocotyledonous embryos, what is true of the latter must also be 
true of the former. The cotyledon must occupy the same position in both. 
This is an important point to remember. Now the excellent investigations 
of Hanstein, of Fleischer, and of Hegelmaier have clearly shown that 
the cotyledon of Monocotyledons is always terminal. Speaking of 
Funkia , Hanstein says : ‘ The cotyledon is laid down as a massive struc- 
ture as a continuation in the same direction of the hypocotyl, before a 
trace of the growing-point exists/ Fleischer says of Leucojum aestivum 
that a terminal cotyledon arises from the entire upper portion of the 
Fig. 7. a. Stipa arenaria. b. Eleusine coracana. 
Embryos showing bifid epiblasts (e ) ; sc. = scutellum ; 
pl. = plumule. (After Bruns.) 
