290 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 
II ells. A surface well is one which derives its water from 
e ground water, and is very liable to contamination from the 
soakage from cesspits. Such wells exist in Woodbrook and 
ames, and in many yards in Port-of-Spain may be seen the 
pumps and the remains of the old wells which have since been 
e witn rubbish. That surface wells are a source of danger is 
proved by a reference to the historic Board street pump which 
eing contaminated from a cholera cesspit in its immediate 
• i ourhood was the cause of a formidable outbreak of cholera 
in Soho which resulted in the death of over 600 persons. The 
people affected were supplied with water from this well. Deep 
we s co not derive their water from the ground water but go 
roug an impermeable stratum into a water bearing-layer 
. e ovr. An artesian well is a deep well in which the water 
is under sufficient hydrostatic pressure to well out at the sur- 
a< j e ' , e w ®ter from these wells is very wholesome and 
, a d , 6 and liable to contamination. Rain water 
ec ed f>om the roofs of houses and stored in large iron 
* 8 „ ls . a ! ° e y use( I in tbe country. Such water is liable 
A., i? U the excr ements of birds and vegetable spores. 
C0 e ° c ed 111 the tanks it is difficult of inspection on 
bowo™ ,, e , v ® r y sm all openings in these tanks, which, 
_ a . ow fouling of the water by dead mice, etc. Rain 
i a s0 , collected in shallow concrete cisterns which are 
„n S '? . collecting dust and insects and occasion- 
from tkl miC , e - , Water is supplied to Port-of-Spain mainly 
„„ j f ^ araval River, about which I shall have something to 
amltTcf 61 °?‘ • ^ fcS qu ^ Ut y generally reported by the chemical 
chemiValT Cln ° g ? od * I m ay here remark that water may be 
With no/ ,P ure ,u t baoteriologically unfit for human use. 
thaf ok ° al |i ° c l uan tity it has been computed by some authorities 
do“e,‘L 8 S°“ B P r ““ " * f » <’ ml> 
Drinking and Cooking 
Ablution and general weekly baths 
Washing and laundry 
Water Closets 
Flushing and waste 
1 gallon 
7 „ 
6 „ 
6 „ 
5 „ 
j . 25 gallons. 
co ns id e ratio n °1 //j al . nount °f water per head we must take info 
and the proportion “o CUmstances >. the habits of the community 
must not be P iud e ed bv w°° p e USlng baths - 0ur water wantS 
we drink more water • iL° P ( f a 8taQdards - In this hot climate 
> e bathe more frequently, and the lower 
