316 PROCEEDINGS OF THE VICTORIA INSTITUTE. 
Natural Science, Ethics, Drawing, Modelling, Ac. The plan of 
education consists of a series of exercises so arranged that the 
different tools and materials of construction employed are 
successively introduced according to the ages und abilities of the 
scholars so that the actual practice necessary for the skilful 
manipulation of tools may be given simultaneously with the 
education of the mind. The exercises for the lower classes 
involve the rudiments and principles of geometry and the most 
useful laws of mechanics and physics. For the eighth and 
seventh class the exercises introduce the use of paper, pencils, 
triangles, compasses and rules in the drawing room. In the 
workroom small toy chisels are employed for carving geometrical 
forms from pieces of clay. 
Turning to European Technical Schools we find that the 
authorities of the city of Paris in their experiment* in the 
introduction of manual training into ordinary Primary Schools 
have confined themselves to teaching more advanced drawing 
from models and the use of ordinary tools without attempting to 
teach .special trades. There are about fifty schools where these 
experiments are in progress. At the Rue Tournefort School, 
which may be taken as the type, drawing, modelling, moulding 
and carving are among the chief technical subjects. 
In the Paris Municipal Apprenticeship Schools the subjects 
of study are similar to those of the American and German 
Technical Schools including French, English, Mathematics, 
Mechanics, Drawing, Chemistry, Physics, History and Descrip- 
tive Geometry, and of course the use of tools and machines. 
The German Technical Schools are of various kinds. In 
those which promote cottage and village industries modelling, 
and drawing hold an important place. 
Of other Technical Schools in Europe a few examples may 
be cited to show the subjects of study. The time devoted to the 
workshop varies much and in the Russian Schools they go so far 
as to construct steam engines. But of these higher Technica 
Schools there are very few, for instance, only two for the whole 
Russian Empire. In the Polytecnic Schools of Germany there 
are only about 2,000 students (though there is accomodation for 
three times the number) for its population of over 45 , 000,00 , 
and the cost to the State is about £100 per annum for eac 
student, exclusive of interest and capital. In the Polytecnic 
School at Dresden the following are the subjects of instruction • 
Analytical Geometry, Elementary Mathematics, Optics an 
Acoustics, Chemistry, Heat, Electricity, Magnetism, Freehan 
