228 
ANAS MARILA. 
neck and breast, black, spreading 1 round to the back ; 
back and scapulars, white, thickly crossed with waving 
lines of black ; lesser coverts, dusky, powdered with 
veins of whitish ; primaries and tertials, brownish 
black ; secondaries, white, tipt with black, forming the 
speculum ; rump and tail-coverts, black ; tail, short, 
rounded, and of a dusky brown ; belly, white, crossed 
near the vent with waving lines of ash ; vent, black ; 
legs and feet, dark slate. 
Such is the colour of the bird in its perfect state. 
Young birds vary considerably, some having the head 
black mixed with gray and purple, others the back 
dusky, with little or no white, and that irregularly 
dispersed. 
The female has the front and sides of the same white ; 
head and half of the neck, blackish brown ; breast, 
spreading round to the back, a dark sooty brown, 
broadly skirted with whitish ; back, black, thinly 
sprinkled with grains of white ; vent, whitish ; wings 
the same as in the male. 
The windpipe of the male of this species is of large 
diameter ; the labyrinth similar to some others, though 
not of the largest kind ; it has something of the shape 
of a single cockle shell ; its open side, or circular rim, 
covered with a thin transparent skin. Just before the 
windpipe enters this, it lessens its diameter at least 
two-thirds, and assumes a flattish form. 
The scaup duck is well known in England. It 
inhabits Iceland and the more northern parts of the 
continent of Europe, Lapland, Sweden, Norway, and 
Russia. It is also common on the northern shores of 
Siberia. Is very frequent on the river Ob. Breeds 
in the north, and migrates southward in winter. It 
inhabits America as high as Hudson’s Bay, and retires 
from this last place in October.* 
* Latham. 
