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EMBERIZA LAPPONICA. 
the species have been thoughtlessly multiplied ; there 
are in reality but two, the present, and snow hunting 
of Wilson. 
The male Lapland longspur, in full breeding dress, is 
nearly seven inches long, and twelve and a quarter in 
extent ; the bill is nearly half an inch long, yellow, 
blackish at the point ; the irides are hazel, and the feet 
dusky ; the head is thickly furnished with feathers ; 
the forepart of the neck, throat, and the breast, are 
glossy black ; the hind-head is of a fine reddish rusty ; 
a white line arises from the base of the bill to the eye, 
behind which it becomes wider, descending on the sides 
of the neck somewhat round the breast ; the belly and 
vent are white ; the flanks posteriorly with long blackish 
streaks ; the back and scapulars are brownish black, 
the feathers being skirted with rusty ; the smaller wing- 
coverts are blackish, margined with white ; the greater 
coverts margined with rufous, and white at tip, forming 
two white bands across the wings; the primaries are 
blackish, edged with white ; secondaries emarginated 
at tip, dusky, edged with rusty ; the wings when closed 
reach to three-fourths the tail; the tail is two and a 
half inches in length, rather forked, and of a blackish 
colour; the outer feather on each side with a white 
cuneiform spot; and the outer web almost entirely 
white; the second with a white cuneiform spot only. 
The hind nail is almost an inch long. 
The adult female is somewhat smaller than the male. 
In spring, she has the top of the head, the shoulders, 
back, and wing-coverts brownish black, the feathers 
being edged with rusty ; the sides of the head, blackish, 
intermixed with rusty ; over the eyebrows a whitish 
line, as in the male, tinged with rusty ; the nucha and 
rump are brownish rusty, with small black spots ; the 
throat is white, encircled with brown ; remaining infe- 
rior parts, white ; wings and tail as in the other sex. 
The male in autumn and winter has the bill brownish 
yellow ; irides and feet, brownish. Head, black, varied 
with small spots of rusty ; auriculars, partly encircled 
with black feathers; throat, yellowish white, finely 
