FEMALE PINE BULLFINCH. 
149 
The inflated form of the bill, the curvature of both 
mandibles, very apparent in the superior one, as well as 
the compression of both at tip, are obvious characters, 
which distinguish the species of Pyrrhuld from the 
Fringillce, in which both mandibles are nearly straight, 
and present a conic form on every side. 
Berries, and seeds which they extract from the 
pericarp, buds, and young shoots of different plants, 
constitute the food of the bullfinches. They generally 
frequent forests and bushy places, building their nests 
on small trees, or low branches of large ones : the 
females lay four or five eggs. The greater number of 
the species moult twice a year ; the sexes differ consi- 
derably in appearance. They reside in cold and tempe- 
rate climates, with the exception of a few species, that 
inhabit Africa and South America. 
The crimson-necked bullfinch is found in the district 
of country extending along the base of the Rocky 
Mountains, near the Arkansaw river, and has not been 
observed elsewhere. In the month of July, when our 
specimens were obtained, these birds occur in small 
scattered flocks, keeping mostly on the tops of the 
cotton-wood trees, on whose buds they partially feed. 
Their voice considerably resembles that of their relative, 
the Fringilla purpurea. 
36 . PYRRHULA ENUCLEATOR FEMALE PINE BULLFINCH. 
BONAP. PLATE XVI. FIG. III. EDINBURGH COLLEGE MUSEUM. 
The female pine bullfinch is eight and a half inches 
long, and thirteen and a half in extent ; the bill 
measures more than half an inch, is blackish, with the 
lower mandible paler at base ; the feathers of the whole 
head, neck, breast, and rump, orange, tipped with 
brownish, the orange richer on the crown, where are a 
few blackish dots, the plumage at base plumbeous ; the 
back is cinereous, somewhat mixed with orange ; the 
shafts darker; belly and femorals, pure cinereous; 
lower tail-coverts, whitish, shafted with dusky; the 
