Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUfTS. 
wood, being fomewhat tender, (hould generally have 
a defended, warm fituation; but die Southernwoods 
nay be planted any where, as they grow freely in any 
foil and fiti don: are all eafily propagated by cut¬ 
tings or flics of the branches, and the Southernwood 
alfo by fuckers; training the whole generally with a 
fingle Hem below, and branchy, bulhy heads above; 
and as the Southernwood particularly, fends up nu¬ 
merous bottom fuckers, thefe (hould be occalionally 
detached in winter or fpring, to preferve the plants 
fingle, to grow with more regular, full heads; and 
the (lipped-off fuckers, if wanted, are proper for 
planting, and each will immediately form a new plant. 
Thefe (hrubs are raifed in all the nurferies, for 
public fupply; and of the Southernwood particularly, 
the fetting gardeners, in the vicinity of London, raife 
amazing quantities, trained with bulhy heads, for the 
fupply of the markets of that city, and the hawkers, 
to fell about the ftreets, and environs of the metropolis, 
for furnilhing their fmall gardens, courts, balconies, 
&c. as they will grow any where. 
The feafor. for planting thefe (hrubs is any of the 
fpring months, till May, and in autumn, from Sep¬ 
tember to November; or the Southernwood, as it 
readily removes with a ball of earth, may be tranl- 
planted at almoft any feafon, occafionally. 
The propagation, or method of raifing thefe two 
fpecies, is by cuttings, flips, layers, fuckers, accord¬ 
ing to the following direction. 
The tree Wownwood is propagated either by cut¬ 
tings or flips of the young (hoots and branches, in 
fpring or fummer, till July, detaching them fix or 
eight inches long; clear off the under leaves, and 
plant them in a (hady border; give water, and they 
loon ftrike root the fame feafon; or may alfo be pro¬ 
pagated by layers of the young branches in fpring, 
which will be well rooted, for planting off, in autumn 
following; and when, in either method, they are 
two, three, or four feet high, are proper for the 
fhrubbery, &c. or may likewife plant fome in pots, 
to remove under (helter in winter, when frofts prevail. 
And the Southernwood propagates abundantly both 
by fuckers advancing from the bottom, and by cut¬ 
tings and flips of the (hoots and branches: the fuck¬ 
ers may be detached in any of the fpring or autumn 
months; either flip them off from old plants, or large 
plants, confiderably increafed in many fuckers, may be 
taken up and flipped, or divided into feparate lets, 
each fumilhed with roots, planted in any beds, or 
borders, a foot apart, or larger fuckers, planted at 
once where they are to continue; and by flips or 
cuttings of the branches, may be performed in March, 
April, and May; the lhoots flipped, or cut off, fix 
or eight, to ten or twelve inches, planted in a ftudy 
33 
border, or any beds of common earth, in rows, fix' 
to twelve inches afunder, well watered; and they will 
all foon emit roots, and grow freely: generally train 
the whole with a.(hort, (ingle Hem below, and with re¬ 
gular full heads, either permitted to run, or the long too 
(hoots cut down occafionally, to keep the heads bulhy; 
and when, from one to two, or three feet high, may 
be tranfplanted into lhrubberies, flower-borders, &c. 
The principal culture of both the above fpecies, 
after final planting, is chiefly to prune czfual, irre¬ 
gular growths; or to cut rambling (hoots on the fldes, 
or above, as may feem neceffary, and where the South¬ 
ernwood increafe confiderably in bottom fuckers, they 
lhould be flipped off more or lefs, to preferve the 
main plants in regular growth. 
ASH TREE (Fraxinus.) 
In the Botanic Syflem, the Alhes belong to the 
Clafs and Order 
Polygamia Dioecia, 
Many Marriages, Two Habitations ; 
Or Male, Female, and Hermaphrodite Flowers, on two 
feparate Trees. 
THE Ashes, cpmprifmg feveral fpecies and va¬ 
rieties, are all of the tree kind, growing from twenty 
or thirty to fifty or fixty feet high, or more; fome 
of which are of confiderable valuable, as forefl: or 
timber trees, both in their large flandard growth, and 
in underwood, for coppices, &c. and of which the 
Common A(h is fuperior, for its Ioftiefl: ftature and 
greatefl: magnitude in the body: its timber abundantly 
ufeful in many employments, and mod eligible to al- 
femble largely in foreft-tree plantations; and the others 
are proper to introduce in fmaller fupplies, and for va¬ 
riety : are all of the deciduous tribe, or fuch as de¬ 
foliate, or (hed their leaves in winter; the leaves all of 
the compound, pinnated kind, compcfed of from 
three, four, to five pair of fmall foholes, or leaf¬ 
lets, terminated by an odd or end foliole; and fmafl, 
greeni(h flowers, colle&ed into (piked bunches, moll- 
ly apetalous, (without petals, or flower leaves) ancf 
fucceedcd by bunches of comprefled, lanceolate peri- 
carpiums, or feed-veflels, called Alh-keys: ripe about 
Ottober; efpecially in the Common Alh in this coun¬ 
try ; proper for fowing the fame feafon, or the follow¬ 
ing fpring, for raifing fupplies of young trees of the 
forts required. 
The Species of FRAXINUS are, 
i. Fraxinus exeelfor , Lofticft, or Common Afli 
Tree. 
A lofty-growing large tree, fixty or feverty feet 
high; the leaves pinnated or winged, mofllyofcle- 
F. ven 
