THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
34 
ven leaflets fawed; and the flowers without petals. 
—Native of England and other parts of Europe, &c. 
in hedges and woods. 
Varieties of this. —Silver-ftriped-leaved Common 
Afh. 
Gold-flriped-le-’ved Common Afh. 
z. Fraxinus americants , American Intire-leaved 
Aih. 
A tree of middling growth, tliirty or forty feet 
high; the leaves pinnated, of feven or nine folioles 
or leaflets intirc, and the petiole or foot-ftalk round. 
—Native of Carolina and Virginia, in North America. 
Varieties of this. —Black American Afh. 
White American Alh. 
3. Fraxinus Ornus, (Ornus) or Flowering-Afh. 
A fmall tree, fifteen or twenty feet high; leaves 
pinnated, of three or four pair of leaflets fawed, and 
the flowers furniflred with a corolla, or petals.—Native 
of the fouthern parts of Europe and of America. 
Varieties of this. —Dwarf, Flowering-Afh. 
Panicled Flowering-Afh. 
Round-folioled Flowering-Afh, orMana- 
Afh of Calabria. 
All thefe fpecies and varieties of Afh are hardy, de¬ 
ciduous trees, that will fucceed in any common foil 
and fituation; are valuable to cultivate or plant, fome 
for ufeful and others for ornamental plantations, and 
variety, in aflemblage with other hardy trees and 
Ihrubs; of which the Common Afh furpaffes all the 
reft in its ftraight, fwift prccerier growth, with a 
trunk or ftem of confiderable fubftance; proper to 
rank as a firft rate foreft, or timber-tree: the next in 
growth and value, is the American Afh, which may 
alfo arrange in the foreft-tree collettion, in a moderate 
proportion; and the Ornus, or flowering Afhes, with 
the different varieties thereof, and thofc of the other 
fpecies, are admitted principally in large decorative, 
or pleafurable tree plantations and fhrubberies; or 
may alfo, for the fame occafion, introduce the Afhes 
in general, efpecially in any confiderable outward 
plantations, in pleafure-grounds, parks, boundaries of 
capacious lawns, and in any out-grounds, in exten- 
five premifes, to increafe the variety in a diverfified 
manner. 
But the Common Afh in particular, eonfidered as a 
principal foreft-tree, deferves general culture in all 
plantations of that kind, for its fuperior growth and 
great ufefulnefs of its timber, &c. in various material 
occafions, and for which it is valuable to cultivate 
both in woods, &c. in large ftandard trees, for tim¬ 
ber, and in coppices for underwood; and may alfo be 
planted in hedge-rows of fields, for the fame purpo- 
fes, as the trees will profper in any common foil, and 
in any fituation where convenient, not fubjeri; to land¬ 
ing water; and in which plantations the ftandards will 
advance in a fwift, ftraight growth, for timber trees, 
and the underwood will run up expeditioufly for poles, 
and other occafions, to fell in a thinning order, while 
in young growth, of from ten to fifteen or twenty 
feet high, leaving plenty of the moft promifing to run 
up for large ftandards. 
The different fpecies and varieties of Allies are rai- 
fed in all the nurferies, for public fupply of common 
plantations; but where confiderable plantations are in¬ 
tended to form woods and coppices, for timber and 
underwood, it would be much faving to raife them in 
home nurferies, on the eftate where fuch plantations 
are defigned to be formed. 
The feafon for planting Allies is any time after 
the fall of the leaves, in Oftober or November, or 
during the winter months, in open weather, or to 
compleat the whole in fpring. 
The Allies arc propagated, or raifed from feed, 
and the varieties are continued permanent by railing 
them by layers, grafting and budding, &c. 
The feed may be fowed in autumn, about Oiftober, 
November, or December, or in the fpring, in Fe¬ 
bruary and March, on beds of light earth, either in 
drills, fix inches, or a footafunder, or on the furface, 
and earthed over one or two inches thick, they will 
come up in the fpring; and when the young trees are 
of two years growth, lhould be transplanted from the 
feed-beds, in autumn or fpring, and placed in nurfery 
rows, two feet, or two and a half afunder; kept clear 
from weeds, by hoeing in fummer, and by digging 
between the rows in winter, or fpring ; and according 
as they advance in growth, prune up ftrong fide-ihoots 
of the ftem, preferving the main top-lhcot intire, to 
afpire in height; and thus, when the young trees are 
advanced from three, four, five, or fix, to eight or 
ten feet high, they are of proper fize for final tranf- 
planting in the different plantations intended. 
To raife the varieties by layers, have fome young 
trees cut down to the bottom to produce lower Ihoots, 
near the earth convenient for laying, which may be 
performed in autumn or fpring, and will be rooted 
in one fummer for planting off in autumn, into nur¬ 
fery rows, as advifed for the feedling trees, to ac¬ 
quire a proper growth for final tranfplantation. 
The Flowering-Afh, or any particular variety, may 
be propagated by innoculkting buds thereof into flocks 
of the Common Alh, or any other fpecies of the fame 
family. 
When the trees, raifed by either of the above me¬ 
thods, are three or four, to fix, eight, or ten feet 
high. 
