THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
3 * 
2. Berberis canadenfts, Canada broad-leaved Ber¬ 
berry, (Suppofcd a Variety of the Common.) 
A Anal! tree, or moderate flirub (deciduous) grow¬ 
ing fix or eight feet high; the leaves oblong-ova!, 
(larger , light-greet:) and flowers in clutters.—Native 
of Canada. (AnyJoil.) 
Both thefe fpecies and varieties of Berheris are very 
hardy to grow in almoft any foil and fituation; they 
"rife with an ereCt Hem, branching out low into many 
upright branches, defended with three-parted fpines; 
and the trees commonly fend up feveral root fuckers. 
They are eligible to cultivate in gardens and or¬ 
chards, both as fmall ftandard fruit-trees, in a mode¬ 
rate fupply, where the berries may be in requeft, for 
candying, &c. and to introduce in fnrubberics for 
variety and ornament, in which the flowers in fum- 
mer, and the cluflers of berries in autumn, effedt an 
agreeable diverflty; and may be admitted in any plan¬ 
tation compartments of the pleafure-ground, where 
thought neceffary; or planted fingly in capacious bor¬ 
ders, &c. and, in any method of planting, they pro-- 
duce plentiful crops of berries, ripe in autumn, about 
September and October; and which, in many families, 
are in great eftimation for preferving or candying, 
being of an agreeable, acid relifh; and are alfo fome- 
times pickled, and ufed occafionally for garnifh to 
difhes ferved up to table; but for thefe occafions the 
Common Red-berried kinds only are proper; and for 
candying particularly, the ftonelefs-fruited fort is con* 
iiderably preferable to the Common. 
Fortheabove different occafions, the trees are trained 
in flandards, generally each with a Angle item, three to 
four or five feet, and then permitted to branch out at 
top in full growth; they were alfo, formerly, fome- 
times planted for garden hedges, and in which, by 
proper clipping, will grow clofe and regular. 
The different fpecies and varieties are cultivated in 
moft of the public nurferies, where they may be ob¬ 
tained for planting, which may be performed any time 
from the decay of the leaves, in October and No¬ 
vember, in open weather, to March or beginning of 
April; and may be planted in any common foil and 
fituation; though, where the berries are required for 
ufe, the trees growing in an open expofure to the full 
fun will produce them in the bell perfection. 
They are propagated by feed, fuckers, layers, or 
cuttings; but by feed, is eligible occafionally, only 
for the common fort, as in the varieties, the feedling 
plants do not always come the fame; and of which, 
the ftonelefs fort being deftitute of feed in the ber¬ 
ries, it can be propagated only by the other methods; 
and which is alfo the molt certain way whereby to 
continue anylother varieties diftinCt: however, when 
required to raife any forts indifferently from tne feed 
or berries, fow them in OCtober or November, &c. 
in a bed of light earth, an inch deep ; and when the 
young plants are of one or two fummers growth, 
tranfplant them into nurfery beds, &c. Suckers ad¬ 
vancing Atom the roots of old trees, may be taken up 
with roots, in autumn, winter, or fpring, and planted 
in a nutfery, they at once form proper plants; and 
layers and cuttings o*f the young wood in autumn or 
fpring, will be rooted in one year; and in which 
methods continue them trained in the nurfery, with a 
Angle ftem below, and a full head above; and when 
from three or four, to five or fix feet growth, are of 
proper fizes to tranfplant finally where they may be in¬ 
tended. 
In their genera! culture in gardens, &c. keep them 
cleared from root fuckers, prune out rampant (hoots 
of the ftem and head, with any irregular branches and 
dead wood. 
Betula, BIRCH TREE, including alfo the 
ALDER. 
Clafs and Order. 
Monoecia Tetrandria, 
One Habitation , Four Males ; 
Or Male and Female Flowers , feparate on the fame Plant 
or Habitation ; and Male Flowers, with four Sta¬ 
mina. 
THIS Genus, or Family of Betula, comprifing alfo 
the Alnus, or Alder, furnifhes feveral fpecies of large, 
moderate, and fmall deciduous trees, valuable both for 
timber and underwood plantations, and to introduce 
in large pleafurable plantations, fhrubberies, &c. for 
variety; are all of molt hardy growth, twenty or 
thirty, to fifty or fixty feet high, one of dwarfilh 
fize; and garnifhed with ovate, and heart-fhaped, ob¬ 
long, and roundifh leaves, all Ample, fmall, mid¬ 
dling, and largifh; and with fmall male and female 
flowers, in feparate, cylindric, and roundifh amen- 
tums, or catkins, compofed of fcaly calyxes, and very 
fmall florets, fucceeded in the female amentums, by 
a Angle feed in each floret: ripe in autumn, proper 
for fowing to raife fupplies of the trees; and which are 
alfo propagated by layers, and fome moftly by cut¬ 
tings. 
CharaSlers .—Male and female flowers, apart, on 
the fame tree, in feparate amentums; the males col¬ 
lected in cylindric, loofe, fcaly amentums, each fcale 
having three fmall florets, of one petal, four-parted, 
and have each four ftamina; and female flowers in 
fcaly, imbricated amentums, and roundifh heads, two 
florets in each fcale, no viflble petals, a minute ova! 
germen. 
