Ok TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
germea, two briltly Ityles, and fucceeded in each fe¬ 
male floret by an oval feed. 
The Species of BETULA are, 
I. Betula alba , White, or Common European 
Birch Tree. 
A lofty-growing, ftraight tree, forty or fifty feet 
high; the bark white, leaves (fmallijh) ovate, acu¬ 
minated or pointed, and fa wed on the edges.—Native 
of Britain and the cold parts of Europe, Sec. (Moijl 
or any foil.) 
2. Betula Black Virginia Birch. 
A lofty tree, fixty feet high or more; the leaves 
(fmallijh) rhomboid-ovate, pointed and doubly-faw- 
ed.—Native of Virginia and Canada, in North Ame¬ 
rica. (Any foil or moij}.) 
Varieties of this. —Common fmaller-leaved Black 
Birch. 
Broad-leaved Black Birch. 
Poplar-leaved Black Birch. 
Paper-barked Black Birch. 
Brown Birch. 
3. Betula lenta, Lenta-twigged, or Poplar-leaved 
Canada Birch. 
A lofty, large tree, growing fixty feet high or more ; 
the leaves (fmallijh, dark green) hearted-oblong ovate, 
pointed and fharply fawed.—Native of Canada and 
Virginia. (Any foil or moijl.) 
4. Betula nana , Dwarf Lapland Birch. 
A fmall tree, Ihrub-like, four or five feet high; the 
leaves (fmall) orbicular or roundilh, and crenated.— 
Native of the Alps of Lapland, Swamps of Sweden 
and Ruflia. (Any moijl or other foil.) 
5. Betula Alnus — (Alnus) or Alder Tree (Com¬ 
mon.) 
A middling tree, growing twenty-five to thirty feet 
high; the leaves (middling large) ovate-oblong, and 
the peduncles or flower-ftalks branching; roundifh 
fruit.—Native of England and other parts of Europe,, 
and in America. (Moijlftuations.) 
Varieties. —Long-leaved American Alder Tree. 
Glutinous, Round-leaved Turky Alder 
Tree, 
Hoary-leaved Alder Tree. 
Black Alder. 
Scarlet Alder. 
39 
Thefe five fpecies of Betula are 2!! deciduous, or 
expand their leaves only in fummer; the leaves Ample, 
from one or two, to three inches broad, two or three, 
to four inches long, in the different fpecies. 
All the above fpecies and varieties, both of the 
Birches and Alder, are very hardy, deciduous trees, 
eafily propagated or raifed abundantly by feed, lay¬ 
ers, and the Alders alfo by cuttings; and are all 
adapted to grow in any lituation where they may be 
required, for profitable or ornamental planting, or for 
variety; the common Birch and Alders growing na¬ 
turally in moll parts of Britain, the former both in 
moilt, fwampy foils, dry and other fituations, and the 
latter chiefly in fwampy grounds and near water: the 
trees of both the fpecies are proper to cultivate accord¬ 
ingly in fimilar foils, as are likewife all the other forts 
of Birches and Alder, they being equally hardy; and 
the Birch kinds in general may occupy any fituation, 
moift, dry, low, or upland; the Alders principally in 
moilt land, though they will alfo grow almoft any 
where; fo that the trees of all the forts of Birch and 
Alder admit of cultivation in molt fituations, and are 
eligible to introduce in walte or other grounds, either 
diltinft, or to affilt in compofing any plantations of 
large, deciduous trees, defigned for profit, variety, 
fhade, fhelter, &c. in extenfive or other premifes, as 
maybe thought convenient; or the Alders being na¬ 
turally aquatics, they always grow the moll thriv¬ 
ingly in moift, fwampy, or watery places. 
In regard to the particular and general utility of the 
different fpecies in plantations, ail the tree kinds are 
eligible to cultivate both as fcreli-trees, in full Itand- 
ards, for timber, and in coppices of under-growth, to 
cut for fmall wood; or likewife any particular fpecies, 
or the whole occafionally to introduce for variety, or 
to diverfify any hardy tree plantations, in extenfive 
pleafure-grounds, parks, and other capacious diftritts, 
difpofed in groves, thickets, woods, clumps. See. and 
in any running boundary plantations extending along 
the borders or verges of parks, paddocks, and other 
fimilar diltri&s; and for all of which purpofes, thefe 
hardy trees may be admitted in any fituations; though 
the Alders particularly, as aforefaid, may be cultivated 
to the mod confiderable advantage, for profit, in any 
marlhy land, or by the lides of water, and in walte, 
fwampy ground, adapted principally for the growth of 
aquatic trees; likewife the Birches will grow in low, 
fwampy fituations, and will alfo profper in upland 
grounds, moilt or dry, and barren foils, as fcarcely any 
place comes amifs to thefe trees in their general growth. 
Or thele trees, both of the Birches and Alders, 
might be planted in any low, moilt lands, to very be¬ 
neficial improvement and profit, both to grow for large 
Itandards, for timber, and to form coppices, to cut 
in ftnall growth, for poles. Sec. and the Birches alfo 
for the brulh-wood loppings for the broom-makers, 
which, 
