I 
Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
Irtft of thinning, by degrees, in their advanced ftate, 
leaving a fufficiency to grow for large ilandards, at 
moderate diflances; or fome planted at wider dis¬ 
tances, in groves or other open plantations, fet ten 
or fifteen feet afunder, wholly to remain for acquiring 
a confiderable Size, before any is thinned or cut down; 
and where intending to plant principally for under¬ 
wood growths, the trees may be fet only three or four, 
to five or Six feet Square; and may alSo be headed, that 
they may advance with Several bottom-llems, and that 
when advanced of five, fix or Seven years growth, they 
may admit of cutting for various Small ufes, and for 
fuel, See. and the Birches to cut for hoops once in 
Seven, eight, ten or twelve years; generally, in both 
cafes, retaining Some fineft Items, Singly, to run for 
Ilandards; and the underwood trees, when cut down, 
Ihoot again from the bottom, for cutting on future 
occafions. 
The propagation or method of railing all thefe trees 
of Birches and Alders, is by Seed, for principal large 
Supplies; efpecially of the Birch trees, or jikewife, 
occasionally, the Alders, and both the forts alfo by 
layers; and the Alders particularly, propagate freely 
by cuttings, and by which they are commonly railed, 
and Sometimes both the Birches and Alders by Suckers; 
all the methods of propagation performed either in 
autumn or Spring, or by feed and layers, principally 
in autumn, about October or November; and the 
cuttings moltly in the Spring SeaSon, February or 
March: the Seeds ripen in autumn, and fhould then be 
gathered in proper time, before the Scales of the amen- 
%im» open to diffeniinate them on the ground. 
Sow the Seed in beds of any common earth, broad- 
cart or in drills, and earthed in, not exceeding an 
inch deep; and when the Seedling plants are come up, 
and advanced one or two years in growth, tranfplant 
them in nurfery lines two or three feet afunder, to at¬ 
tain proper Size for the plantations intended. 
Or by cuttings and layers all the Sorts of Alders 
may be propagated, and the Birches alfo by layers 
occasionally; and by which two methods of propaga¬ 
tion is generally the moll certain procefs whereby to 
increafe and continue the different varieties of the 
particular Species, diftinft in their refpeclive kinds; 
however, bv cuttings, may raife the Alders in gene¬ 
ral in the Spring, both of the young Ihoots and larger 
branches in truncheons or poles, three or four feet 
long, or more, planting the Smaller cuttings in a nur¬ 
fery, for a year or two, or more; the others, of a larger 
Size, may be planted at once where they are to remain, 
in moift grounds, loofening the Soil, if hard, and 
make deep holes with a Hake or iron inllrument, to 
infert the cuttings half a yard or two feet in the 
ground; or to raife any of the forts by layers, per¬ 
form it in autumn or Spring, taking the lower young 
(hoots and branches, flit-cut them a little on the un- 
t 
der fide, lay them down into the earth, and they will 
be rooted in one year; then in autumn, &c. plant 
them off into the nurfery, or large plants fet at once 
where they are to continue. 
In the above different methods of raifing the Birch¬ 
es and Alders, thofe advancing in a nurfery to obtain 
proper Size for final planting, generally train thofe for 
ilandards with Single clean llems, cutting away late¬ 
ral or fide-fhoots below', contruing the top-lhoots in¬ 
tire; and when advanced three or four, to fix, eight 
or ten feet, arc eligible for the refpedfive plantations, 
in which they may be transplanted, as required, in the 
feafons and order before intimated. 
In final planting, all the nurfery-raifed plants, fur- 
nilhed with roots, both Birches and Alders ; loofen 
the ground, and dig a hole for each, a moderate depth, 
plant them regular in the holes, upright, cover in the 
roots diredtly with the earth, and tread it down. 
The general culture of all thefe trees, after their, 
final planting in their deftined dillridls, is principally 
in thofe growing for ilandards, to prune up fide-fhoots 
of the Hem, or Straggling under-branches of the head, 
to have the items advance in a clean, llraight growth; 
or likewife in underwood plantations, the young plants 
in the beginning, may have lateral (hoots below cut 
away, to encourage the items to run up clean and 
llraight; and in the young plantations in general, 
while the trees are Small, keep down large, tall weeds 
in Summer, the firilyear or two, till the trees advance 
in their top growth. 
The cutting or felling thefe trees in Small or larga 
growth, may be performed any time after the decay 
of the leaves in- autumn, or principally towards the 
fpring. 
From Birch trees of large grow th, in woods, the 
fap is extracted wherewith to make Birch wine, 
effedled by tapping the growing trees in the fpring, 
when the liquid fap will flow abundantly. 
Bicnonia, TRUMPET FLOWER. 
Clafs and Order. 
Didynamia Angiofpermia, 
Twa Powers, Seeds covered ; 
Or Plants with Hermaphrodite Flowers, having four 
Stamina, two of them longer than the other two ; and 
the Seeds contained or covered in a Vejfel. 
THE Genus Bignonia furnilhes an elegant, up¬ 
right tree, and fome fhrubby climbing kinds; all for 
ornament and variety in the fhrubbery plantations: 
one fpecics being a beautiful, deciduous tree, adorned 
with large heart-form leaves; the others fhrubby 
climbers, deciduous and ever-green, garniflied with 
F pin- 
