THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
46 
Tingle ftigmas; and the amentum enlarges to a fcaly 
cone, containing in each l'cale an oval, angular nut. 
The Species of Carpi n us are, 
I. Car tin us Bctulus — (Betulus) or CommonHorn- 
beam. 
Middling tree, growing twenty or thirty, to forty 
feet high—the leaves (middling, dark-green) oval, 
fpear-fliape, and roughiih, remaining on the trees in 
a withered date all winter ; and the llrobilus, or feed 
cones, having plain or flat fcales.—Native of Britain, 
and molt parts of Europe, and in Canada, &c. ( Any 
foil andJituation.) 
Varieties of this. —Common Hornbeam. 
Gold-ftriped-leaved Common Hornbeam. 
Virginia Common Hornbeam, with longed 
leaves and cones. 
Eaftern, or Dwarf Hornbeam, of fmaller 
growth, (eight to ten, or twelve feet) 
iinall leaves, and (horter fruit. 
2. Carpinus Ojlrya —(Oftrya Italica) or Hop Horn¬ 
beam. 
A moderate tree, growing twenty feet high or 
more—the leaves (middling fize, dark-green) oblong- 
oval, and rough; and the amentums of fruit fome- 
what like bunches of hops, inflated or fwoln fcales.— 
Native of Italy, Germany, and Virginia. ( Any foil 
andJituation.') 
Variety. —Virginia, Flowering Hop Hornbeam, 
with lanceolate, pointed, deep-green 
leaves. 
Thefe are all very hardy, deciduous trees, that will 
grow in any foils and fituations, not inundated in wa¬ 
ter, either low or high grounds, or fides of hills, or 
any where, both in barren and fertile (oils, as may be 
required or convenient, for any plantations intended; 
■and in which both the fpecies are valuable to cultivate, 
in forefl-tree plantations, in (landard timber-trees, and 
in underwood, to cut frequently in fmaller growth; as 
likewife all the forts have merit to arrange in any orna¬ 
mental diftri&s of plantation, in pleafure-grounds, 
parks, or where thought neceffary; and to difpofe in 
Tingle llandards, groups, clumps, &c. feparate or 
diitindl, and in concert with other deciduous trees, in 
extenfive lawns, in parks, and other grounds, for va¬ 
riety, &c. and the Common Hornbeam is adapted to 
affemble conflderably with other hardy trees, planted 
towards any out-boundaries, in expofed (ituations, to 
afford (belter to interior plantations, and other dillri&s, 
in the winter, as the old leaves, though withering in 
autumn, remain clofely attached to the branches all that 
fealon, whereby they more effectually break off the 
force of winds and cold, from internal compartments ; 
and as both the fpecies are of a clofe branchy growth, 
they were formerly in great repute for garden hedges, 
both for fences, (helter, and ornamental purpofes; 
though, in the prefent defigns of ornamental gardening, 
thele and other hedges are feldom admitted; however, 
as the trees are moitly of an upright growth, with clofe 
branchy, regular heads, they, in llandards, claim ad¬ 
mittance in all ufeful and decorative planting. 
Confldered as foreft-trees, both in ftandards and 
under-growth, the two fpecies may be cultivated to 
good advantage, or particularly the common fort; the 
wood or timber being ffrong and tough, is ufeful for 
many purpofes, and in the turnery way, mill work. 
Sec. and profitable for fuel; as is likewife the under¬ 
wood, and for poles, (lakes, and many other light oc- 
cafions: and for which the trees may be planted any 
where, either in affemblage or diftinCt plantation, fet 
moderately clofe at firft, four to five, or fix feet dis¬ 
tance, to draw each other up, in a more fwift, tall 
growth, and to admit of thinning fome in a few years, 
for fmall wood, leaving abundance‘of the bell Hems 
to run for full llandards, and the underwood to ad¬ 
vance between them, for future cutting, as occafionally 
required; or others may be planted at wider dillances, 
to Hand wholly for large timber, or to attain fome con- 
fiderable fize, before any are cut down: and are fome- 
times cultivated in hedge-rows of fields, &c. both in 
low pollard llandards, for frequent loppings of the 
branches, and to advance in tall Hems and full heads. 
For ornamental planting, both the fpecies, and their 
refpedlive varieties, are eligible to introduce in a di- 
verlified manner, in confiderable plantations and large 
fhrubberies; or, for the latter, may have only fome par¬ 
ticular forts, as the Eallern and Flowering Hornbeam, 
llriped-leaved, or any others, as may be thought eligi¬ 
ble for variety, &c. difpofed more or lefs, towards the 
back or fore-part, with trees of fimilar growth; and 
either pruned up to Hems, fome confiderable height, 
or permitted to branch out nearly in their natural or¬ 
der. 
The trees of all the forts are raifed from feed and 
layers, in autumn, and when from three or four, to fix, 
eight or ten feet growth, are proper for the feveral 
plantations for which they are adapted ordefigned; 
or all thefe trees are cultivated in the nurferies, for 
fupply of the different plantations, for which they may 
be occafionally required; and where they may be pro¬ 
cured of proper growth for the purpofes intended. 
The feafons for planting them is the fame as for other 
hardy trees, either principally in autumn, about No¬ 
vember or December, or any time in open weather, 
from the decay of the leaf to March, Sec. 
They being propagated by feed and layers; the for¬ 
mer is moll eligible for railing any confiderable fup- 
]$lies 
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