Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 49 
Celtis, (Lote) or NETTLE-TREE. oblique-hearted, fawed, hairy on the underfide, and 
placed alternate; and fmall, yellow fruit.—Native of 
Clafs and Order. the Eaft, in the Levant, and in India. ( Dry Jitua- 
Polygamia Monoecia, 
Many Marriages , One Houfe or Habitation ; 
Or Flonuers of different Sexes , as Males and Hermaphro¬ 
dites, feparate on the fame Plant. 
THE Celtis family confifts of large, deciduous 
tree kinds, proper both to introduce in foreft-tree 
plantations, and for ornament and variety in pleafure- 
grounds, parks, &c. grew thirty or forty, to fifty 
feet high, or more, and fome of fmaller growth; all 
adorned in furpmer, with largifh and fmall oblong, 
fpear-fhape, oval and heart-ftiape, roughifh nettle¬ 
like leaves, two, to three or four inches long, and 
half as broad; and fmall male and hermaphrodite, 
greenilh flowers, without corolla or petals; fucceeded 
in the latter by fmall, round, drupaceous black, and 
purplilh berries: ripe in autumn; and by which the 
trees are commonly propagated. 
Generic CharaSlers. —Flowers hermaphrodite and 
males; the hermaphrodites having a five-parted cup, 
r.o petals, five Ihort flamina, crowned with quadran¬ 
gular, four-furrowed anthera; a central, oval germen, 
two refiexed ftyles, terminated by Angle ftigma; male 
flowers with a fix-parted cup, no petals, five flamina, 
as in the hermaphrodites, no germen or ftyles; and 
the hermaphrodite flowers fucceeded by fmall, globofe 
berries, of one cell, furnifhed with a round nut. 
The Species of CELTIS are, 
1. Celtis aujlralis. Southern Black-fruited Nettle- 
Tree. 
A large, deciduous tree, growing forty or fitty feet 
high—leaves (moderately large) oval-fpear-fhaped, 
placed alternate; and fmall, black fruit.—Native of 
the fouthern parts of Europe, in France, Spain, Italy, 
&C. ( Any tolerable goodfoil.) 
2. Celtis accidentalis. Occidental, or Weftern, Pur¬ 
ple-fruited Nettle-Tree. 
Moderate, deciduous tree, thirty to forty feet high 
—leaves (moderately large) oblique ovate, fawed, 
pointed, and placed alternate; and fmall, obfeure- 
purple fruit.—Native of North America, principally 
in Virginia. (Any tolerable goodfoil.) 
3. Celtis orientalis, Oriental, or Eaflern, Yellow- 
fruited Nettle-Tree. 
A fmall, deciduous tree, ten or twelve, to fifteen 
feet high, branching horizontally—leaves (fmall) 
ticn.) 
Thefe three fpecies of Celtis are hardy to grow in 
the open ground, in any common fituation and foil, 
though are moft thriving in lightifh, rich land; how¬ 
ever, they will fucceed well enough in any tolerably 
fertile ground or that in common with other hardy 
trees, in ornamental and other plantations, in pleafure- 
grounds, parks, &c. are all raifed from feed, princi¬ 
pally in the general propagation, and occafionally by 
layers, and fome by fuckers: the young feedling- 
plants are fometimes a little tenderifh in their infant 
fiate, though not materially fo, and they foon harden 
gradually in a year or two; and when of advanced 
growth, of from three or four, to five or fix feet, or 
more, may be planted out where they are to remain, 
in any open expofures, or where required; and the 
trees, when advanced to fome confiderable large fize, 
will produce plenty of ripe fruit for fowing, as occurs 
in many of the Britifh gardens, in which there are 
large trees of thefe forts. 
All the fpecies are proper to introduce, mode¬ 
rately, in any ornamental planting, and for variety, 
both in pleafure-ground plantations, and large llirub- 
bery diftri&s; as alfo to diverfify plantations in parks 
and other grounds, to aflemble principally with other 
trees of the deciduous trib^; and the firft and feeond 
fpecies are alfo eligible to difpole in deciduous, foreft- 
tree plantations for timber, the wood being of a 
tough, pliant nature, is ufeful in feveral trades, where 
wood of that texture may be in requeft; and in all of 
which plantations, the trees will difplay a confpicu- 
ous variety in their general growth, different foliage, 
&c. 
The trees of all the forts are obtained at the nur- 
feries, for any occafions in which they may be in¬ 
tended or required, for planting. 
They may be planted either in autumn, foon after 
the fall of the leaves, or any time from that feafon, in 
open, mild weather, till the fpring, or principally in 
the laft-mentioned feafon, in February and March. 
The propagation or method of raifing all the forts 
is principally by feed, or fome, occafionally, by layers 
of the young fhoots; and fometimes they afford fuck¬ 
ers from the roots, particularly the Celtis orientalis: 
the feeds are often procured from abroad, by the feedf- 
men, generally arriving in the fpring; at which fea¬ 
fon they may be fowed, or, if attainable, to fow in 
autumn, about Oftober or November, they_jvili frc - . 
nerally come up more freely in the fpring following: 
they may be fowed in a bed of light, > cllow earth, or 
fome fowed in- pots, to have Ihelter from fee re fro ft 
G in 
