Or TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 63 
5. Corylus <ov nut a, Cornuted or Horned American 
Nut. 
All thofe fpecies and varieties of Corylus are hardy, 
deciduous trees, adapted to grow in any common foils 
of a garden, orchard, or that of any tree and fhrub 
plantations, in pleafure-grounds; and are proper both 
to cultivate for their production of nuts, as being ail 
of the eatable kind, and to effeCt variety in fhrubbe- 
ries. See. as alfo the Common Hazel, to raife in 
woods, as a foreft-tree, or principally for underwood, 
in coppices and hedge-rows; and for which occafions 
they may all be raifed abundantly, by fowing the nuts 
in autumn or fpring; and the defirable varieties, prin¬ 
cipally, either by layers or fuckers, and, occafionally, 
by grafting or budding any principal kinds upon Com¬ 
mon Hazel Stocks, as the varieties feldom come the 
fame from the feed or nuts, in thorough perfection. 
The Corylus, in all the different fpecies in their mode 
of bearing, produce the flowers at the fides of branch¬ 
es; the males catkinsappearing in winter and fp ring, 
and the females in the latter feafon; and being then 
impregnated by the farina of the males, they ad vane 
in a flow growth till Auguft or September, defended 
all the while by the large calyx, which, at the matu¬ 
rity of the fruit, changes brown at top, at which time 
the nuts are in perfection for eating. 
For the different purpofes of planting in gardens, 
orchards, Ihrubberies, &c. they fliould generally be 
trained in fmall ftandards, either with quarter, half 
or full Hems, from two or three, to four, five or fix 
feet, to branch out above in full heads, in their na¬ 
tural order, in which they will produce plentiful crops 
of nuts, annually, without much trouble of culture; 
and they may alfo be occafionally trained in rough 
hedges, in particular diitriCts, to run up at top, in a 
natural growth, without cutting; or in the fame man¬ 
ner, may have filberts in Angle or double ranges, to 
form Ihady walks; and in both of which, all the forts 
will bear very agreeably in plentiful productions. 
To cultivate as fruit-trees, fome of all the forts may 
be admitted in gardens and orchards, both in quarter, 
half and full ftandards, as before obferved, to branch 
out above in full heads; and for which may have any 
of the principal varieties of the Common Hazel Nut, 
but more abundantly Of the two varieties of Filbert, 
for the fuperior excellence of their large nuts, with 
kernels of the fineft flavour; and may alfo have fome 
trees of the Tranfylvanian, Byzantine and Barcelona 
kinds, all which produce nuts of large fize; though 
the Filbert claims precedence for general culture in 
their more plentiful production of fineft fruit, fooner 
acquiring maturity in fulleft perfection of ripenefs in 
the kernels, in Auguft and September. 
Likewife in Ihrubberies, and other plantations, in 
pleafure-grounds, may introduce all or any approved 
fpecies and varieties of Corylus, both of the Common 
Hazel kinds. Filberts and other forts, trained in fmal- 
ler or larger ftandards, fuitable to different compart¬ 
ments, and difpofed in affemblage with any hardy trees 
and fhrubs, and on the borders of wood walks, Ihadv 
walks. Sec. in which they will add to the collection, 
and effeCt a pleafing diverfity, both in their growth 
and production of fruit. 
And to cultivate as foreft-trees or underwood, the 
Common Wood Hazel is of confiderable utility, more 
particularly in plantations of under-growth, in clofe 
coppices and in hedge-rows, to run up to Items of 
larger or fmaller fize, to cut for poles, exceedingly 
ufeful in numerous occafions, as hurdles, hoops. Sec. 
and being raifed in clofe growth, each plant may run 
up with feveral Items in their natural order, to cut 
once in five, fix or feven years, as they will (hoot out 
again in numerous bottom-fuckers and Items; or fome 
may be left Angle, for ftandards, clearing away all 
fuckers to one main ftem on each ftool; and to prune 
up the faid Items from lateral branches, that they may 
advance in a clean growth for larger wood. 
All or moft of the principal forts of Corylus, are 
raifed in the public nurferies, in which they may be 
obtained in a collection, or as may be required, for 
furnilhing garden plantations, both in fruit-trees and 
for variety; but for any confiderable planting, they 
may be expeditioufly and abundantly raifed with great 
facility, in the feveral methods of propagation* 
They will fucceed in any common foil and fituation; 
and the Common Hazel, where required in large fup- 
plies, in coppice-wood, &c. may be cultivated in 
any ftrong, moifl land, or in low or high ground, in 
moift or dry foils, as the premifes afford, or where 
thought convenient or eligible to have plantations 
thereof. 
The feafon for planting thefe trees of the different 
fpecies and varieties of Corylus, is any time in open 
weather, from OCfober or November, to March or 
beginning of April. 
For planting, may cither, occafionally, hare ftrong 
fuckers arifmg from the roots of the trees, chufing 
thofe of one or two years growth, two to three or 
four feet high, taken up with good roots ; and planted 
at once where they are to remain, they will foon ad¬ 
vance in confiderable growth, in full heads, and pro¬ 
duce fruit of their refpeCtive varieties; or have trees that 
have been previoufly trained in a nurfery, raifed 
either from fuckers, layers or nuts, &c. to three, four 
or five feet growth; though it fliould be remarked, 
that for the approved varieties, both of the Common 
Hazel 
