THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
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Hazel and the Filberts, thofe raifed from fuckers 
and layers, more certainly produce fruit the fame in 
their refpcdtive properties, which is not the cafe in feed- 
ling-plants; for although the Filberts will fometimes 
come the fame from the nuts, yet the fruit is generally 
inferior in fize and goodnels, and the plants longer be¬ 
fore they bear than the fucker and layer-railed trees, 
or generally the layers are preferable to the fuckers; 
or thefe forts (Filberts) are alfo fometimes propagated 
by grafting, as an eft'eftual method to continue the 
permanency of the two varieties thereof. 
The propagation or method of railing thefe trees 
being by nuts, fuckers, layers, and grafting, each is 
according to the following practice. 
By nuts, thefe maybe fowed in autumn or fpring; 
or to avoid their being devoured in winter by vermin, 
or deftroyed by the weather, they may be preferved in 
a box of dry fand, in a cellar or other clofe apartment, 
until February, then fowed; performing it either in 
drills, a foot afunder, and two inches deep, or the 
earth raked off tire top of the bed, the above depth: 
fow the nuts thickly on the furface and earth them 
over evenly; and when the plants are come up of one 
or two years,growth, tranfplant them in nurfery-rows, 
in which to advance two or three years or till of proper 
fize for final tranfplanting. 
By fuckers, thefe rife plentifully from the roots of 
old trees, and when of one or two years growth, they 
may be digged op in autumn, winter, or fpring, with 
roots, forming at once proper plants, and may be 
planted in a nurfery, or large ones at once, where they 
are to remain. 
Or by layers, this is an effe&ual method by which 
to propagate the principal varieties, to continue them 
permanent in their refpedlive kinds, fuch as the Fil¬ 
berts or any other forts; and which is performed in the 
young wood in autumn or fpring, bowing down fome 
pliant lower branches, peg them fecurely into the earth, 
then lay the young fhoots thereof, admitting the ftem of 
each three or four inches deep, keeping the top upright 
feveral inches above ground; they will root freely, 
ready for planting off next autumn, into a nurfery for 
a year or two, or till of a proper growth for garden 
plantations; and will produce fruit fimilar to that of 
the parent tree. 
Alfo by grafting, may propagate the Filberts, or any 
Other particular forts, having feedling or lucker-ftocks 
of the Common Hazel or Filberts, raifed two to three, 
or four feet high, or more; and upon which perform 
the grafting in February or March, with grafts of the 
defirable kinds; inferted either low in the dock, and 
the firft main-lhoot of the graft run up, more or lefs, for 
a ftem, or grafted at two, three, or four feet height; 
and in either method permit them to branch out above 
in full heads. 
In the above different methods of propagating thefe 
trees, they, in their advancing growth, may be trained 
each with a fmgle ilein, either low, of one, two, or 
three, to form dwarf trees, or with four or five feet 
items, for taller ftandards; and fo agreeable to thefe 
intimations, cut away lateral Ihoots below accordingly, 
to the height the fteiii is intended, and then permitted 
to branch out freely above, in their natural manner; 
or for particular occafions, fome may advance with 
feveral items from the beginning, in a branchy, bulhy 
growth. 
When intending to plant thefe trees in gardens, 
orchards, &c. in ltandards, fuch as Filberts, or any 
other principal kinds, they may be planted at ten, to 
fifteen or twenty feet diftance; or if only in one fmgle 
row in any particular parts, ten, or twelve feet may 
be fufficient; or may occafionally plant fome to form 
Nut and Filbert hedges, planted three to four, or five 
feet afunder in the row, to run up in full growth with¬ 
out cutting; or fometimes planted in the fame manner, 
in double or fmgle range, for a lhady Filbert walk, 
permitted to run up in a natural order below and above; 
but generally obferving, that where planted in detach¬ 
ed ftandards, it is proper to keep them clear below 
from bottom-fuckers, as alfo to cut away ftrong, 
rambling (hoots, from the ftem and head; or alfo any 
planted in a clofe row in gardens, hedge-fafhion, that 
as they will encreafe in numerous fuckers in a thicketty 
growth, the fuckers fhould be eradicated occafionally in 
the fides, to keep the bottom within fome regular limits, 
more open to admit the fun and air, and to encourage 
and continue the upper parts in a good ftate of bear¬ 
ing, which will alfo have the fame effedl as the ftand¬ 
ards. 
The fruit, or nuts of thefe trees, ripen in autumn, 
principally in Auguft and September, in which their 
mature ripenefs is generally when the outer cover or 
cup, in which the nuts are contained and inclofed, be¬ 
gin to change brown, or when the nuts readily quit the 
faid cover; for if gathered before they attain that ftate 
of maturity the kernels have not their proper flavour, 
but eat watery and infipid; or however, Ihould not be 
gathered generally before they acquire tolerable per- 
fedtion, only when required to have fome as foon as 
they begin to ripen, gather but a few at a time, as 
wanted for immediate eating; and when required for 
keeping any conflderable time, they Ihould be ripe in 
the fulled: maturity: are generally gathered in their 
hufks, except when dead ripe, in which they naturally 
drop out, or may eafily be detached from the cups; 
that to preferve them for future ufe, depofit a quantity, 
when thorough ripe and dry, in a box, calk. &c. and 
clofe covered with ftraw, a foot thick, or more. 
When 
