66 
THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
6. Crataegus Crus-galli —(Crus-galli) orCock-fpur 
Thorn, or Virginia Azarole. 
A fmaller tree, eighteen or twenty feet high—branch¬ 
es thorny, robuft fpines; the leaves ( middling) fpear- 
lhape-ovate, {awed and fmooth; and large, red ber¬ 
ries.—Native of Virginia. (Any/oil.) 
Varieties. —Long-thorned Cock-fpur Thorn. 
Short-thorned Cock-fpur Thorn. 
Pear-leaved Cock-fpur Thorn. 
Plum-leaved Cock-fpur Thorn. 
Willow-leaved Cock-fpur Thorn. 
7. Chatb.gus tomentofa, Downy, Goofeberry-leav- 
ed Cratagus. 
A fmaller tree, ten or fifteen feet high—the branch¬ 
es thorny; leaves ( moderate) wedge-form-ovate, fome- 
what angulated, fawed and downy-hairy underneath ; 
and yellow fruit.—Native of Virginia. (Any Jitua- 
tion.) 
8 . Crataegus *viridis , Green-leaved, thornlefs Cra - 
tergus. 
A fmall tree, ten or fifteen feet high—branches 
thornlefs; the leaves (fmall) lance-ovate, fomewhat 
three-Iobed, fawed, and fmooth, green on both fides. 
Native of Virginia. (Any foil and filiation.) 
Thefe fpecies and varieties of Crataegus are all of 
very hardy growth to plant in any common foil and 
fituation; their principal merit is, in the greater part, 
to diverfifv tree and fhrub plantations in pleafure- 
grounds; forne alfo for their produftion of fruit, and 
the ( Common Hawthorn, in particular, for hedges: 
are all of the deciduous tribe, garnifhed with leaves, 
from May to O&ober; flower moftly in May and 
Tune; the flowers principally white, produced in 
bunches at the fides and ends of the branches, fucceed- 
ed by clufters of berries, ripening in September and 
October; principally, in moll: of the fpecies, for flow¬ 
ing, and fome for eating, fuch as the Common Wild- 
Service, and occafionally the A-zarclus ; and by which 
all the fpecies are eafily propagated, or any particu¬ 
lar fpecies and varieties, by layers, grafting and ino¬ 
culation. 
They being valuable both for ufeful and ornamen¬ 
tal planting, we may reckon among the more ufeful 
kinds the Common Hawthorn, for its great utility in 
forming the moll effedtual of all hedge fences, com¬ 
monly called quick-fet hedges, fuperior to all for out¬ 
ward fences, or where required for a flrong, durable 
hedge, fencible, againil man and beaft, and grows 
alfo very clofe to afford flielter; and the Wild-Service 
and Crateegus Azarolus to cultivate in the fruit-tree 
colledions for their eatable berries, which ripening In 
October, and being then gathered in their bunches, 
and hung up acrofs lines in any dry apartment till they 
become foft and mellow, they eat with an agree* 
able, tartifli flavour; and the trees of which two 
fpecies may be admitted, as fruit-trees, in a moderate 
portion, or as required, in gardens, orchards, plea- 
fure-grounds, parks, avenues, &c. in full ftandardsj 
likewife the flrfl, and fome other {pecies, advancing 
to fome confiderable ftature and large growth, may 
be introduced in foreft-tre*. plantations, in company 
W’.th other deciduous timber trees, or in any large 
plantation diftridls, for variety. 
. Or all the different fpecies and their refpefUve va¬ 
rieties are very eligible to affemble in ornamental 
plantations and (hrubberies, in which they will increafe 
the collefhon, and feveral forts, both of the {pecies 
and varieties, appear very ornamental and curious in 
their different growths, flowers and fruit; and the 
fpecies in general will difpiay a proper diverfity and 
entertaining variety; and are well adapted to arrange 
in extenfive or large pleafurable plantations, confidera¬ 
ble flirubbories, and in clumps; and the larger tree 
kinds alfo to difpofe in groves, avenues, grand walks, 
and other aiftri&s, afl'oeiated principally with other 
hardy, deciduous trees. 
The Hawthorn, for hedges, is a moil ufeful tree in 
its clofe, bufliy, thorny growth, branchy from the 
bottom, proper both for outward hedges in gardens 
and fields, and for internal divifions, both as a fence 
and for flielter to particular diftrifts; and may be kept 
clofe and regular, by an annual clipping towards the 
latter end of fummer, or in autumn or winter; or in 
field hedges they are often permitted to run up rough, 
and when grown tall and the bottom naked, are plafli- 
ed and laid down to thicken all parts equally, in a 
clofe, regular manner, in which, and thofe kept re¬ 
gular by clipping, as before obferved, they form clofe, 
impenetrable hedges. 
For this occafion of hedges, proper fets for plant¬ 
ing are raifed by flowing the haw's i■; autumn, which, 
on account of the hard, bony nature of the feed, 
feldom vegetate or come up in lefls than two years; and 
when the plants are one to two or three years old, 
are proper for planting, which for outward iiedges, a 
ditch and bank being formed, is effedled generally, 
either by inferring them into the fide or top of the 
bank, principally in a double row, fix inches to a foot 
aflunder; or otherwife, if planted on level ground, 
are defended with fome kind of fer.ee till advanced in 
growth; but for interior hedges, eflpecially in gardens, 
are commonly planted in the level ground; or for di- 
vilion hedges in fields, a bank is generally raifed tW'O 
or three feet by means of a ditch on each fide, and 
the hedge planted along the to;., in a Angle or double 
row ; the ditch and bank defends it till grown up in 
proper 
