Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
proper ftrength, and afterwards during its continu¬ 
ance. 
Or fometimes the haw-berries are fowed at once in 
the place where the hedge is intended, keeping the 
ground very clean till the plants come up, and during 
their young growth. 
The Wild-Service and Azarolus, when any are in¬ 
tended principally for fruit-trees, they being railed in 
ftandards three or four, to five or fix feet growth, 
may then be planted in gardens or orchards, or where 
thought proper, at fifteen to twenty or thirty feet dif- 
tance, kept trained to clean ftems, and permitted to 
branch out above in full heads; they, when of a pro¬ 
per age, will produce plentiful crops of berries annu¬ 
ally, which ripening in Oflober, gather in bunches; 
and the Services in particular, hang them up in the 
fruiterv, or any apartment, till they become mellow, 
and may then be eaten, as wanted, in winter. 
All or mod of the fpecies and varieties of the Cra- 
tafgus are cultivated in the common nurferies, for pub¬ 
lic fupply, and where they may be had in colleflion, or 
in any approved fpecies or varieties, as (hall be requir¬ 
ed, occasionally, for planting. 
The general feafon for planting thefe trees is any 
time after the decay or fall of the leaves, in autumn, 
in open weather, till the fpring, middle or beginning 
of April; or the Hawthorn, for hedges, may be 
planted principally in the fpring, or any time when 
convenient, during the above-mentioned planting 
feafon. 
They are propagated in the different fpecies by 
feed, and occafionally by layers, in any particular 
fpecies and varieties, or alfo by grafting and budding, 
as before intimated. 
By feed or berries, which in moll of the forts ripen 
plentifully in autumn, and may be fowed in that fea¬ 
fon, fucli as the Hawthorn, and all others as can be 
procured at that time, or early in the fpring, either 
fowed at once in beds of common earth two inches 
deep, or as the feeds or Hones of the berries being of 
a very hard, bony nature, that they generally remain 
till the fecond year before they germinate, they, pre¬ 
vious to lowing, are very commonly in autumn, buried 
in a heap together in a trench in dry ground, or in 
large pots plunged therein, covered over with earth 
fix inches thick, or more, railed in a ridge above; 
and thus to remain a year, or till next autumn follow¬ 
ing, or fecond fpring, to prepare for vegetation, then 
taken up and fowed either in drills or broad-call on 
the furface, and earthed in two inches ; they will thus 
come up freely in the fpring, advancing fix inches to 
a foot in growth, or more, by the end of fummer, 
and then, or when they are one or two year’s old. 
6 7 
lhould be tranfplanted in nurfery-rows, to grow to a 
proper fize of three or four, to five or fix feet, or 
more, for the different plantations for which they are 
defigned or adapted; or the Hawthorn plants particu¬ 
larly, intended for hedges, are proper fets for that 
purpofe, both immediately from the feed-bed, and after 
having one, two or three years tranfplanted growth in 
nurfery-rows; the latter of which may be moll eligi¬ 
ble, when defirous of having the hedge formed more 
expeditioufiy in good ftrength from the beginning: 
however, in regard to the other fpecies, intended ge¬ 
nerally for detached ftandards, larger or fmaller, they 
being tranfplanted in nurfery-lines, fhould remain 
therein till framed up to a requifite fize of three or 
four, to five or fix feet high, or more, as intimated 
above, for final tranfplantation in the particular dif- 
tri&s where they may be required. 
% 
By layers of the young fhoots may, occafionally, pro¬ 
pagate any particular fpecies or variety, performing it 
in autumn, chufing thofe as are fituated low, conve¬ 
nient for laying, or that are placed on plianrbranches, 
which can be readily bowed down to the ground ; fo 
laying the Ihoots in the earth three inches deep, keep¬ 
ing the tops upright, they will be rooted, for planting 
off next autumn, into the nurfery, for training. 
Alfo by grafting and budding any defirable variety, 
to continue it permanent in its refpeftive kind, may be 
performed upon any feedling-ftocks of the Cratagus 
family, fuch as the Hawthorn, or any other raifed in 
the nurfery, as has been directed; the grafting is per¬ 
formed in the fpring, by inferring young fhoots of 
the former year into the proper flocks, and the bud¬ 
ding in July or beginning of Augull, by inoculating 
buds of the intended forts into the fides of the faid 
Hocks, at fix inches, to one, two, three, or four feet 
high, or more ; they will each unite with the flocks, 
advance in (hoots above, and form new trees of the 
refpe&ive varieties. 
In the above different methods of raifing the feve- 
ral fpecies and varieties of Crataegus, continue them 
trained to a proper growth in the nurfery, fome with 
clean Hems for ftandards, others may branch out low 
when defigned to have them of a fhrub-like growth; 
and in the whole, when they are advanced from three 
or four, to five, fix or eight feet, are proper for the 
relpedtive plantations; or the Common Hawthorn 
plants, defigned for hedges, are eligible for this, when 
of from one, to two or three feet high. 
Hawthorn hedges being of great utility as growing 
fences, both, occafionally, for gardens, and more ge¬ 
nerally for inclofing fields and any out-grounds, they 
are raifed different ways, as either by planting young 
fets previoufly raifed in a nurfery, to one, two or three 
feet growth, or fometimes by fowing the feed or 
haws at once where the hedges are intended, though 
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