Ol> TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
low, from low draggling branches, to have them form 
full heads above; and when they are advanced from 
two or three, to four or five feet high, they are pro¬ 
per for the (hrubbery, &c. 
They may be planted in autumn or fpring, or any 
time in mild weather, from Oftober or November, to 
March or April. 
Facus, BEECH TREE, and CHESNUT. 
Clafs and Order. 
Monoecia Polyandria, 
One Habitation, Many Males; 
Or Male and Female Flowers, feparate, on one and the 
fame Plant ; and the Male Flowers having many Sta¬ 
mina. 
THIS Genus comprife three fpecies and feveral va¬ 
rieties, all of the deciduous tree kind, of large, lofty, 
moderate, and fmall growth; confiding of fored, fruit, 
and ornamental trees; fome growing fixty, to feventy 
or eighty feet high, or more; others not exceeding 
fifteen or twenty feet: adorned in fummer with large 
oval and fpear-diape fimple leaves; and fmall male 
and female apetalcus flowers apart on the fame tree, 
collected in globular and cylindric amentums or cat¬ 
kins, each flower having a four or five-parted calyx, 
no corolla or petals; the male flowers having many 
damina, and the females three flyles; and in the fe¬ 
male flowers the ge'-men grows a large roundidi echi- 
nated prickly capfule, furniflied with two or more 
nuts, fmall in the Beech, in the Chefnut large, with 
eatable kernels, ripening in autumn ; and by which the 
trees are principally raidd or propagated, alfo any 
particular varieties, by layers, or, occafionally, by 
budding and grafting. 
The Species of FAGUS are, 
i. Facus Jylvatica, Wood or Common Beech Tree. 
A large, lofty, deciduous tree, of ftraight hand- 
fome growth, fixty or feventy, to eighty feet high, 
or more—the leaves ( middling) ovate, flightly faw'ed, 
and roundilh amentums of flowers, fucceeded in the 
females by triangular nuts, called Beech-Mad.—Na¬ 
tive of England, other parts of Europe, and of Ca¬ 
nada. ( Chalky , Jlony , or any common foil.) 
Varieties. —Yellow-flripcd-leavcd Beech Tree. 
White-ftriped-leaved Beech Tree. 
American Purple-leaved Beech Tree. 
2. Facus — (Caftanea) or Chefnut Tree. 
A large, lofty deciduous tree, growing fifty or 
fixty feet high, with a noble fpreading head—the 
79 
leaves (large, fhining green) fpear-fhape, pointed- 
fawed, naked underneath; and flowers in longilh 
amentums, fucceeded in the females by large prickly 
capfules, containing two or three roundilh nuts, with 
eatable kernels.—Native of Spain, Italy, and other 
fouthern parts of Europe. (Dry, or any common foil.) 
Varieties .—Cultivated or large Sv/eet-kernelled 
Common Spanifii Chefnut. 
Wild or fmaller Chefnut. 
Gold Striped-leaved Chefnut Tree. 
3. Facus pumila. Dwarf American Chefnut Tree, 
or Chinquepin. 
A fmall, deciduous tree, growing ten, to fifteen or 
twenty feet high—the leaves ( middling ) fpear-lhape- 
ovate, acutely fawed, hoary on the under-fide; and 
the female flowers fucceeded by clufters of round 
prickly capfules, containing fmall nuts fingly, having 
fweet eatable kernels.—Native of North America. 
(Moijl, or any foil.) 
Thefe three fpecies of Facus, and their refpedtive 
varieties, have great merit, as ufeful and ornamental 
trees, to difpofe in all principal large plantations, in 
extenfive pleafure-grounds, parks, &c. but of which 
the Beech and Common Chefnut have confiderable me¬ 
rit to cultivate as molt valuable forefi: or timber-trees, 
they growing to a lofty ftupendous ftature, with a 
Hem of great magnitude; the timber firong and dura¬ 
ble, of fuperior worth in many ufeful occafions in 
which fubftance and Itrength is required, as alfo to 
cultivate in under-wood, in coppices, to cut for poles, 
and other fmall or lightporpefes; likewife, the trees, 
being of handfome growth, arc of great etlimation to 
afiemble in large, pleafurablc deciduous plantations, in 
groves, thickets, woods, dumps, &c. and the Chef¬ 
nut Tree in particular, growing with a beautiful 
fpreading head and moft ample foliage, forms a de¬ 
lightful umbrage in fummer, is peculiarly adapted to 
arrange in avenues, or in forming gtand fliady walks 
and groves; and is likewife valuable to plant as a 
fruit tree, in parks, and cn the boundaries cf or¬ 
chards, and in avenues in any out-grounds, or where 
convenient, in any open fituation; they, when ad¬ 
vanced of fome confiderable growth, will produce 
plentiful crops of nuts, which, in favourable leafons, 
ripen, in tolerable perfection, in autumn. 
The Fagus pumila, or Dwarf Chefnut, being of 
fmall growth, is employed principally to alii 11 in coni- 
pofing large fhrubberies and other decorative planta¬ 
tions, in pleafure-grounds, in aflembiage with other 
deciduous trees and Ihiubs. 
And the Beech Tree, befides its utility for the 
before-mentioned purpofes, v'as formerly in much 
cflimation for ornamental garden lu ages, and hedges 
for 
