8 . THE GARDENER’S V 
for fhelter, fhade, &c. as, in its firft growth, it 
branches out thickly from the fides quite to the bottom, 
and, with proper cutting, is readily formed into clofe 
handiome hedges of any height required, fix, eight, 
or ten, to fifteen feet high, or more. 
All the fpecies of Fagus being of the deciduous kind, 
expanding their leaves only in fummer, fhould aflemble 
principally in plantations of the fame tribe of trees, or 
feme occafionaily in dillincl plantations of the refpec- 
tive forts, el'pecia'ly of the Beech and Common Chef- 
nut, in fmaller or larger compartments, in groves, 
clumps. &c. 
The different fpecies of thefe trees in their general 
growth and foliage in fummer, make an agreeable va¬ 
riety in plantations; and the tree , when of advanced 
growth, flower in April, May, and June, in the differ¬ 
ent forts, but the flowers are not cor.fpicuous; they grow 
in amentums and roundifh heads, which, in the Beech, 
are fucceeded by plenty of final! triangular nuts, fall¬ 
ing from the capfules in autumn, when they may be 
gathered up, as many as wanted, for fovving; and 
where they are produced in abundance, are excellent 
for feeding and fattening fwine, and the larger forts of 
poultry ; and in tfe Chelnut and Chinquepin, the fruit 
being produced in large, round, prickly capfules, thefe, 
when ripe, open and difclole the nuts, having brown 
membraneous {hells, filled with a tender fweet kernel, 
which, in the Chefimt in particular, often ripens abun¬ 
dantly in fome tolerable perfection in September, in 
warm dry autumns, and of which may feleft a quantity 
of the largeft and belt-ripened to preterve for eating 
in winter; though they feldom ripen with equal good- 
nefs of flavor as thofe which are annually imported from 
Spain and Portugal. 
The trees of all the forts are hardy to grow in any 
fituation, and will profper in almoft any common foil. 
To cultivate for foreft or timber-trees, the Beech 
and Common Chefnut fhould be admitted as principal 
forts, both in aflemblage with other trees, and occa- 
fionally in diltinft plantations of thefe kinds feparately; 
and in either of which the plantations may be formed 
both of young plants previoufly raifed in a nurfery, 
two or three to four, five, or fix feet growth, and 
planted five or fix to eight, ten, or fifteen feet dif- 
tance; and occafionaily by the feed or nuts, fowed in 
the places where the trees are to remain, the ground 
being plowed and harrowed, and drills formed four to 
five or fix feet afunder, and three inches deep, fowing 
the nuts in the drills, and earthed over ; and in the ad-* 
vanced growth of the young trees, fome may be tranf- 
planted elfev/here, or when of larger fize, fome cut 
down in a thinning order for poles, &c. leaving abun¬ 
dance cf the ftrongeft fingly, to run for large ftandards 
for timber. 
EGETABLE SYSTEM 
The Chefnut, when defigned to have any as fruits 
trees for their produ&ion of nuts, may be planted in 
orchards, parks, hedge-rows, and in avenues, at thirty 
or forty feet diftance ; or fome dotted fingly, or in 
finall clumps on extenfive lawns, and other open fpaces 
of grafs ground, and all permitted to branch out in 
full heads, mofily in their natural order. 
Proper trees of all the forts for planting, in any 
plantations intended, may be had in eligible fupplies 
at the public nurferies, of three or four to fix, eight 
or ten feet growth, to plant in autumn or fpring ; or 
where large fupplies of the Beech and Chefnut are re¬ 
quired for confiderable plantations in woods for timber- 
trees, they may be raifed abundantly in home nurferies 
for that occafion, byfowing the mall and nuts in au¬ 
tumn or fpring, raifing the trees three or four to five 
or fix feet for final planting. 
The general feafon for planting thefe trees, is either 
in the autumn, at the decay of the leaves, or in the 
fpring months, or performed, occafionaily, any time in 
open weather, from O&ober or November till the 
latter end of March. 
The propagation or method of raifing all the fpecies 
of Fagus is principally by the feed or nuts, and by 
which, fowed in autumn and fpring, the trees may be 
raifed with great facility and abundance; and will ad¬ 
vance in a free growth ; or any particular or defirable 
varieties of the Beech and Common Chefnut, are pro¬ 
pagated by layers, grafting and budding, to have them 
continued permanent in their refpe&ive properties with 
greater certainty than by feed. 
However, to raife the common fpecies, being pro¬ 
vided with proper fupplies of Beech-maft and nuts, 
in autumn or fpring, the former may be fowed in au¬ 
tumn, about Oriober or November, or in winter, in 
open weather, or in any of the fpring months, in beds 
of common light earth, and covered in two inches deep, 
as directed below for the Chefnuts; but thefe latter, and 
the Chinquepin Nuts, will be mod advifeable to fow 
principally in the fpring, about February or March, 
they being.preferved found till that time ; when they 
fhould be fowed either in drills two inches deep; or the 
earth raked off the bed that depth, fow the nuts on 
the furface moderately thin, prefs them down gently 
into the earth with the back of the fpade, then, with 
the earth raked off, cover them in regularly; they will 
all germinate freely in the fpring,* come up in that fea¬ 
fon, or early part of fummer, when keep them clear 
from weeds ; and when the young trees are of one or 
two fumnwr’s growth, they muff be tranfplanted in au¬ 
tumn or fpring, into the nurfery, in rows two or three 
feet afunder ; in which, train'each with a clean Angle 
ftem, by pruning up lateral Ihoots below gradually, as 
the plants advance in growth, prefervir.g the top-flioots 
entire, and always the main leader to afpire in height 
as 
