104 t HE GARDENER’S 
parks, paddocks, fields, &c. having them trained prin¬ 
cipally in full ftandards, with clean items of five, fix, 
or feven feet, branching out at thefe heights, to form 
the head ; and planted thirty or forty, to fifty feet, to 
admit of full fcope for their widely-extending branches; 
and, in their growth, permitted to branch out freely all 
round, and afpire in height, wholly in their natural or¬ 
der ; except occafionally pruning any cafual, very irre¬ 
gular branch, or low ftraggler, and long-extending ram¬ 
bler, either in the early or advanced date of the trees, 
to preferve fome little regularity in the head, if thought 
expedient; permitting the other general branches to 
continue in their advancing growth. 
Walnut trees feldom begin to produce fruit until of 
eight or ten years growth, nor do they bear any con- 
fiderable quantity till they are above double that age ; 
but in their more confiderably advanced Hate, they, in 
favourable feafons, produce in great abundance: they 
bear moftly towards the extreme parts of the branches 
on the young wood of the la ft year; the flowers appear 
in April and May, fucceeded by the fruit in June, 
which, in July and Auguft, is fit to gather green for 
pickling, and acquires maturity in the nuts towards the 
middle and latter end of September, and in Oftober ; 
when, being fully ripe, the outer green cover begins to 
open, or will readily feparate from the nuts, and Ihould 
then be gathered for prefent ufe, and for keeping for 
eating in winter. 
In the moderate advanced growth of the bearing 
Walnut trees, the fruit may readily be gathered by 
hand; but in confiderably large trees, with high and 
widely-extended boughs, the ripe fruit is commonly 
beat down with long poles; the nuts thereby generally 
falling from the trees, in their hulks, or when fully 
ripe, many feparate therefrom; and being gathered 
up, thofe adhering fall in their covers, are laid in 
heaps, to heat a few days, till the green hulks readily 
part from the nuts, which then, before the hulks begin 
to become black, and rot, Ihould, while clean and dry, 
be feparated, and depofited in a dry room, and covered 
thickly with draw, to exclude the air and moifture, 
that they may keep longer in good perfection. 
For ornamental planting, and for variety, all the fpe- 
eies and varieties of Walnuts and Hiccory are proper; 
and for which, they may alienable with other deciduous 
kinds, as before intimated, in compofing any general 
tree plantations, in woods, groves, avenues. Sec. or 
planted, diftinft, in groves, clumps. Sec. in extenfive 
grounds, fet thirty or forty, to fifty feet diftance. 
Or for timber or foreft-trees, all the Ipecies of Jug- 
Ians are eligible, and may be planted jn young growth 
of three or four, to five, fix or eight feet, to form 
woods, groves. Sec', fet at fifteen to twenty feet dif- 
tance; or the Common Walnut planted in fome places 
double that diftaqpe ; and in their advanced growth. 
/EGETABLE SYSTEM 
while growing for timber, they, in the interim, will 
afford plentiful annual productions of nuts; or this fpe- 
cies is fometimes raifed for the above purpofes, by 
lowing the nuts at once in the places where it is de- 
figned tne trees fhall continue, the ground being pre¬ 
pared by digging or ploughing, and drills made in 
which to low the nuts; and when the plants are advanc¬ 
ing, if they are too clofe, fome may be gradually 
thinned out, and planted in another place, if required, 
leaving a fufficiency of the mod promifing, where 
raifed, at eligible diftances, to grow for full ftandards; 
and in which all the others fhoukl be trained, by prun- 
ing up lateral (hoots of the ftem, by degrees, and low, 
under-branches of the head, and permitted to advance 
above in full growth. 
Juniperus, JUNIPER TREE, comprifing alfo 
feveral Ce d ars, and the Savin. 
Clafs and Order. 
Dioecia Monadelphia, 
Two Habitations , One Brotherhood % 
i 
Or Male and Female Flowers, on two feparate Plants-, 
and the Stamina joined in one Set, or Brotherhood. 
THIS Family, or Genus, of Juniperus, confifts of 
many fpecies of curious ornamental and ufeful ever¬ 
green fhrubs and trees of the fmall-leaved berry-bearing 
tribe; moftly very branchy from the bottom upward, 
of pyramidal and conic growth, three or four, to 
twenty, thirty, or forty feet high; very clofely fet 
with fmall or minute, narrow, awl-lhape, and obtufe 
leaves, placed by threes and fours, and imbricatim, or 
lying over one another like feales of fifti; and fmall 
male and female flowers, diftinCt, on two feparate trees; 
the males growing in conical amentums, without petals, 
having three ftamina in one fet; and the females, hav¬ 
ing three-pointed calyxes, and three petals, with a ger- 
men fupporting three ftyles, and fucceeded by roundi(h, 
umbilicated, flefhy berries, containing three oblong- 
convex and angular feeds, ripe in autumn ; but, in this 
country, moft abundantly in the Common Juniper, and 
by the berries. Sec. all the fpecies are principally raifed 
or propagated, and fome varieties, occafionally, by 
layers and cuttings. 
The Species of JUNIPERUS are, 
i. Juniperus communis. Common Juniper Tree. 
An ever-green (hrub, four or five, to ten or fifteen 
feet high—the leaves (fmall, awl-jhapej placed by 
threes, fpreading, and dagger-pointed, and longer 
than the berries.—Native of Britain, and cold parts of 
Europe, on mountains and in woods. (Dry, or any 
common foil.) 
Varieties . 
