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Op TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 12$ 
which will be of particular advantage ; as Mulberry 
trees are flow growers, long before they acquire.a pro¬ 
per Aze for bearing in any confiderable quantity. 
Thefe trees, being generally propagated by layers, 
cuttings, fometimes by grafting, and occaflonally by 
feed, are moflly trained in ftandards, with a Angle, 
clean Item, of four, five, or Ax feet, branching at top 
into full heads; and fometimes the Black and White 
Mulberry are trained in dwarf-trees for walls and ef- 
paliers, with (hort Items of Ax or eight inches, branch¬ 
ing out low near the ground, and the branches trained 
in a fpreadxng order, to the wall and efpalier, hori¬ 
zontally, whereby they produce fruit a little earlier, and 
larger, than on ftandards; though, for the general part, 
they are principally raifed in ftandard trees, on which 
the Black produces abundantly, ripening in good per¬ 
fection and flavour. 
The feafon for planting Mulberries, is either in au¬ 
tumn, about OCtober or November, or in the fpring, 
February, March, or April; or may be planted in 
any of the winter months, in open, mild weather. 
To plant Mulberries as fruit-trees, generally allot 
them a warm, dry Atuation, and funny expofure, to 
have all poflible benefit of the fun, that they may ripen 
the berries in the utmoft perfection; having for ftand¬ 
ards, fuch as are trained each with a Angle, clean 
Item, five or Ax feet, and formed fome tolerable head 
of branches, more or lefs ; and may be planted either 
in a kitchen garden, orchard, or pleafure-ground, as 
may be convenient, or thought eligible, at thirty or 
forty feet diftance, or more; or it is alfo proper to 
plant one or more ftandard trees, upon open grafs plats, 
or lawns, or a circular plat of grafs, formed under the 
tree to the full extent of the branches, or wider, both 
for the greater convenience of gathering the fruit, and 
that, when the berries, fully ripe, fall from the trees, 
they may admit of being gathered up off the grafs 
clean and found, for ufe, if occaflonally required. 
The trees, planted as above, m ftandards, permit to 
branch out freely every way, in a regular, fpreading 
head; and in regard to pruning, very little will be 
required, only juft to reform any cafual, low, drag¬ 
gling branch, or Ihoot; or to reduce any diforderly 
rambler, and to cut out crofs-placed, or thin, very 
crowding branches; and, except in thefe cafes, let 
the general head advance in full growth. 
A few trees may alfo be trained for walls and efpa- 
liers, as before oblerved, for variety, and to have them 
produce larger and earlier fruit; they being trained, 
for this purpofe, with Ihort Hems, of fix or eight 
inches, to branch out low, Ihould be planted againft a 
fouth wall, fifteen or eighteen feet afunder, and the 
branches nailed to the wall horizontally, four to five* 
or Ax inches diftance ; if any are defigned for efpaliers* 
allot them a fouth expofure to the full fun, planted the 
diftances as above, and the branches trained in the 
fame manner; and in both of which orders of plant¬ 
ing them, the trees requiring to have a regular train¬ 
ing, will need an annual pruning in fummer and winter. 
Give the fummer-pruning in June or July, to regu¬ 
late the fhoots of the year, fele&ing plenty of tht 
beil-placed Ade and terminal fhoots to nail in; cut out 
the fuperabundant, with fore-right and other ill-placed 
fhoots, and then train in all the others clofe to the 
wall and efpalier, moftly at their whole length, without 
fhortening, where there is room to extend them entire ; 
continuing them clofe to the wall and efpalier all fum¬ 
mer, in the fame order. 
« i 
A winter-pruning is neceflary, both in the young 
and older branches, more or lefs; retaining a fupply of 
the belt young (hoots in all vacant parts, and a leader, 
or terminal ihoot, to every main branch; cut ottt the 
fuperfluous and ill-placed, and part of the molt unfer- 
viceable, or very irregular, and unfruitful old branches, 
not properly furnilhed with eligible, young wood for 
bearing, as they generally bear towards the extreme 
part of the year-old (hoots ; fo that the improper old 
wood may either be pruned down, to the origin, or to 
any convenient, lateral young ihoot, or branch, eli¬ 
gible to retain, to fupply the place of the old, cutting 
out alfo cafual, decayed wood; the general branches 
and (hoots retained for training, continue principally 
intire, as far as room admits of extending them at full 
length; nail or train the whole regular to the wall or 
efpalier, in the order above mentioned. 
Thus, in regard to training the Mulberry, in wall 
and efpalier trees, as above, they will generally pro¬ 
duce fruit in the fineff perfection in Aze, and fooner 
ripe than on ftandaids, as formerly obferved. 
Though thefe methods are not generally pra&ifed, 
being principally trained in half or full ftandards, Lut 
chiefly the latter. 
The Mulberry trees being generally of flow growth 
in the beginning, it is many years before they acquire 
a tolerable Aze in the head of branches to bear in any 
confiderable abundance; but when arrived to fome ad¬ 
vanced growth, they (hoot more freely, extend into 
large, full heads, and produce abundant, annual crops 
of berries; they generally bear on the young wood, 
either towards the extreme part of the laft year’s 
(hoots, and upon fmall fide-fpurs, of one or two years 
growth; and the trees being late, or the weather 
fettled in warm, before they foliate and flower, moftly 
produce plentiful crops: they fieldom begin to bud, or 
expand their leaves, till after the middle or towards 
