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THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
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mod generally ufeful and profitable, more particularly 
the Pears and Apples, in their very numerous varie¬ 
ties, but lefs abundant and valuable in the Quince; 
are trees of large, middling, and fmall growth, in the 
different fpecies; garnifhed, in fummer, with ovate, 
fpear-fhape, and oblong leaves, of middling fizes, and 
pentapetalous, rofaeeaus, white, and pale-reddifli flow¬ 
ers, in umbellate bunches, -and fingly, produced from 
the fides and ends of the branches, April and May ; 
having monophyllous, or one-leaved, concave, five- 
Icbed cups, Jive concave petals, twenty, or more, 
Jhortdamina; a roundifh, central germen, fupporting 
five ftyles; and the germen grows a large, pyramidal, 
roundifh, top-fhape, and umbilical, flefhy, eatable fruit; 
ripe in fummer and autumn; furnifhed each with 
five oblong feeds, or kernels, by which, feparated 
from the fruit, and fowed, the trees may be railed; 
not, however, for general propagation, as all the 
defirable varieties are raifed by grafting and bud¬ 
ding, whereby to have the forts continued permanent, 
and fooner commence good bearers; and fome are alfo 
raffed oceafionally by layers and cuttings, and fome 
by fuckers. 
The principal characters of%e Pyrus are —the flowers 
all hermaphrodite—have each a one-leaved, concave 
calyx, five-parted at the top—corolla, or flower, five 
roundifh petals, concave, inferted into the calyx—da- 
mina, twenty, or more, awl-fhape filaments, crowned 
by Angle anthera—Piltillum, a roundifh germen, un¬ 
der the flower, • fupporting generally five llyles within, 
and terminated by Angle fiigmas; and the germen 
grows a pyramidal, roundifh, and top-fhape fruit, in 
the different varieties umbilicated at the top, and pro¬ 
duced at the bafe,efpecially the Pears and the Quinces, 
but not the Apples; and all of which have five internal 
membranous cells, containing each one fmall oblong 
and pointed kertiej, or feed. 
This Genus confiding of five or fix parent fpecies, 
fome of which furnifh numerous varieties, particu¬ 
larly the Pear and Apple, fhall range ,-the varieties 
under each refpeccive fpecies. 
1. Pear Kinds. 
i. Pyrus communis, Common Pear Tree. 
A large, deciduous fruit-tree, twenty or thirty, to 
forty feet high, growing with upright and fpreading 
branches, in the different, varieties—the leaves (mid¬ 
dling and largijh) ovate-oblcng, fawed on the edges; 
and whitilh fioweis, in pedunculated or foot-ftalked, 
corymbus bunches,, in April and May; fucceeded by 
the fruit, in June, Sec. pyramidal, oblong, roundifh, 
-and top-fhape, he different forts; ripening from 
July, to Oftober and November.—Native of-many 
parts of Europe. (Loamy or any common foil.) 
Varieties of the Tree. —Common, cultivated, Pear 
Tree. (Many varieties of the fruit, as 
hereafter.) 
Double-flowered Pear Tree. 
Twice-flowering Pear Tree. 
Stripe-leaved Pear Tree. 
Varieties of the fruit. —Very numerous, confiding 
of fummer, autumn, and winter Pears"; 
the fummer kinds, ripening, for eatine, 
immediately off the trees, from the be¬ 
ginning or middle of July, to the end 
of Augud or beginning, of September., 
and modly or principally for prefent 
ufe, as they do not keep long, fome 
only a few days, others not above a 
week; the autumn kinds alfo, both ri¬ 
pen on the trees for immediate eating, 
in September and October, and fome, 
after being gathered, will keep two, 
three, or four weeks, or more; and the 
winter Pears attain full growth in OCc- 
ber, but do not generally acquire ma¬ 
turity for eating raw, until after being 
gathered, and lain in theffruitery rooms 
two, three, or four, to five or fix weeks, 
in the different forts, and fome two, 
three, or four months, as exploded be¬ 
low, in the different feafons of ripening, 
annexed to the names of the refpeCive 
■varieties, both of the fummer, autumn, 
and winter Pears: though of the winter 
Pears, feveral forts, although not of 
maturity for eating raw as loon as ga¬ 
thered, are proper for culinary occad- 
ons, in baking, dewing. See. and for 
making perry; andlikewife fome of the 
winter kinds are proper principally 
only for baking, &c. all which, as ex¬ 
plained in the following regider of the 
names, &c. of the different forts; ob- 
ferving, that as mod of the principal 
forts were originally obtained from 
■ France, many are dill known chiedy 
by the French names, and others by the 
Englidi; they are here ranged accord¬ 
ingly, by the names by which they are 
the mod generally known, with fhort 
deferiptions of the different varieties, 
and their times of ripening or maturity, 
viz. 
Supreme, or little Muflt Pear—a fmall,' 
roundifh, early fruit, ripening of a yel- 
lowifh colour, and rich mufky flavour; 
beginning and middle of July. 
Citron 
