j8 4 t HE GARDENER’S VE 
at a diftance from the earth, gives liberty for the culti¬ 
vation of the ground below, and the growth of urtder 
crops, either garden-plants, or grafs, corn. &c. and 
likewife the branches being high, the fruit is more out 
of the reach of invaders; the head of branches per¬ 
mitted to extend freely every way, all round, in full 
growth, that in the procefs of time they form a large 
rxranfion, to produce confidcrablc fupplies of fruit ac¬ 
cordingly; as fomeiimes a fmgle free, with a large, 
threading and lofty head will produce one or two, to fe¬ 
veral or many buihe's in a feafon; and therefore, of full 
ttai’.dards, where plenty of room, fhould be admitted 
abundantly both of Pears and Apples, in different va¬ 
rieties, to Yurnifh the principal crops of fruit for ge¬ 
neral fuppiv, as all the fort ; will attain proper matu¬ 
rity on ftandard-trees; and which, in their growth, ge¬ 
nerally permitted to branch outin tlieirnatural order, or 
only to give occafional pruning, to cut out cafual irre- 
jTulkr-placed, and crcfs-growing branches, and dead 
wood. 
Half ftandard Fear and Apple Trees being fuch as 
are trained occafionally with middling Items, three, to 
four or five fret, the branches beginning at that height, 
and for which, fome good forts are grafted on dwarf 
docks, or thofe that are but of moderate growth, as 
Pears upon Quince or Medlar docks; and Apples on 
Codlin or fometimes Paradife docks, in order to have 
them advance with fmall or moderate heads; and that, as 
the branches commence lower than full dandards, they 
may not extend confiderably to overfpread the ground; 
and likewife being on moderate docks, the trees not 
fnootir.g drongly to wood, will bear fooner, and the 
heads being lower and of lefs extenfive growth, fhews 
the fruit in its growing date, to better advantage; and 
admits of gathering fome occafionally by hand, more 
readily, when required, without climbing, &c. and 
therefore, on thefe confiderations, fome half dandards 
are admitted in gardens, more or lefs, as may be 
thought eligible; all permitted to branch out regu¬ 
larly every way, nearly in their natural manner, agree¬ 
able to the intimations mentioned for the full dand¬ 
ards, and they will bear fruit abundantly in all defira- 
ble perfection. 
Dwarf dandard Pear and Apple Trees being grafted 
or budded on fmall docks, are occafionally introduced 
in fmall and other gardens, both that they may take up 
but little room, and to have them foon become bearers, 
©s likewife for variety and curiolity; they being raffed 
with low dems, fix or eight inches, to one. or two feet, 
or a yard high, by grafting and budding at thefe 
heights, upon dwarf-growing docks; i. e. the Pear graft¬ 
ed or budded upon Quince docks, as formerly inti¬ 
mated; and the Apples on Paradife docks, for the 
fmalled dwarf-trees; and on the Codlin dock, to have 
them of a middling growth; and, in all of which. 
GETABLE SYSTEM 
the trees are intended to grow with low branchy heads, 
commencing at one, two, or three feet at mod from * 
the ground; and to branch out regularly all round, 
in a moderate expandon, kept to three or four, to five 
or fix feet extent; and are proper to plant in fmall 
compartments, or in borders, &c. or fome Apples on 
Paradife docks, to plant occafionally in pots; and thus, 
in the whole, the trees, by being ori dwarf docks, Ihoct 
moderately, do not run much to wood, will bear foon, 
and very agreeably, in fine fruit, and abundantly, ac¬ 
cording to their extent of branches. 
Thefe dwarf-trees may be of any varieties of the 
cboiced Apples and Pears, and of which, when defired 
to have the trees of fmalled growth, ftiould graft the 
Apples on Paradife docks; and may be kept to two, 
three, or four feet high; or grafted on Codlin docks, 
for larger dwarf-trees, may be kept to four, five, or fix 
feet; and Pears grafted or budded upon Quince docks, 
will grow low and bear in two or three years; where¬ 
as thofe upon free or Crab docks run much to wood, 
and are often eight or ten years before they bear fruit. 
In this their dwarf growth, they are trained fome¬ 
times with concave or hollow heads, the branches 
pruned out in the middle, the outward branches con¬ 
tinued in a fomewhat circular order; and all flioots 
that advance in the middle, pruned away to preferve 
the concavity; others are trained with convex or full 
heads, having an upright leader advancing in the mid¬ 
dle, encouraged to branch out fide-ways all round from 
the bottom upwards; and of which, cutting out the ir¬ 
regular and fuper-abundant, and leave the others in a 
regular manner, the lower ones longed, diminifhing 
gradually above to promote the convexity in a fome¬ 
what pyramidal form; and fome are permitted to branch 
out from the bottom in feveral principal branches ro 
grow in a natural order, and only cutting away cafual 
irregular growth, and to thin iuch as are too abun¬ 
dant or croudedly thick; likewife fome dwarf-trees, 
particularly Pears, are trained with feveral branches 
proceeding from near the bottom, and thefe trained 
in a fpiral manner to flakes placed in the ground in a 
circular form round the tree, three, four, to five or 
fix feet high. 
Thus dwarf ftandard Apples and Pears, trained 
as above, may be planted in any principal outward 
borders adjoining main walks, in a row, ten to fifteen 
feet afunder; or where ftraitened for room, fome 
dwarf-trees on Paradife flocks, may be planted only 
eight or ten feet diftance; in the whole, the branches 
generally permitted to advance moftly in their full 
growth, without much Ihortening, except where any 
affume an irregular direftion, or extend too confi¬ 
derably in length beyond the others of the general 
expanfion,orthat exceed the intended limits of growth; 
or 
