Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 187 
The feafcn for grafting and budding them is, for 
the* former, in the fpring, from about the middle or 
latter end of February, to the end of March or begin¬ 
ning of April; and the inoculation or budding is per¬ 
formed in July and beginning of Augult. 
In the grafting and budding thefe trees, allot gene¬ 
rally tall docks for full flandards, to graft or bud at 
five, fix, or feven feet high, to branch out at thefe 
heighths to form the head ; or for half or fmall fland¬ 
ards, graft, &c. at three, four, or fire feet, to form 
the head accordingly; or occafionally, in both cafes, 
may be budded on fmaller flocks, low or near the 
ground, and the firfl main fhoot run up fingly for a 
ilem to the proper height, to furnifh branches as above; 
and for dwarf llandards, graft or bud at fix or eight 
inches, to one, two, or three feet, to branch out in 
low heads; but for general wall and efpalier-trees, they 
mull be grafted, Sec. low in the flock, at fix or eight 
inches from the bottom, to form the firfl let of branches 
near the ground; or when intended to have tall or 
llandard wall-trees, efpecially Pears, to plant between 
the common dwarf wall-trees, where lofty walls, or 
againft the end of buildings, as formerly mentioned, 
may be grafted, &c. either on tallflocks, at four, five, 
or fix feet, as for common flandards, or budded low 
in the flock, and the main fhoot trained for a flem to 
the requifite heighth ; and then, in either method, per¬ 
mitted to fhoot above and furnifh the proper expanfion 
of branches. 
After grafting and budding, as the foregoing, the 
grafts will fhoot the fame year, and the budded trees 
not till the following fpring; and in all of which, in the 
advanced growth of the fhoots and branches, from the 
grafts and buds, train the trees, for the purpofes in¬ 
tended, in flandards, wall-trees, and efpaliers; the 
frandards run with clean flems below to branch out above 
regularly every way, in full heads: cut out only any 
ill-placed productions, and the general branches per¬ 
mitted to extend in full growth; and the wall and ef¬ 
palier-trees, train the branches in full expanfion, cut¬ 
ting off projecting, fore-right fhoots, and extend the others 
horizontally to the right and left, and nailed. Sec. to 
the wall or ranges of flakes, in regular order, at equal 
dillances, at their whole length ; and when thus, in 
the different methods, they have formed heads of one, 
two, or three, to four, five, or fix years growth, they 
are fit for final tranfplanting into gardens, orchards, &c. 
But previoufly obferving in the young growth of the 
trees, that whether they remain in the nurfery, or 
planted in the garden, Sec. the firfl and fecond year 
from grafting and budding, it is fometimes or gene¬ 
rally proper to give a particular pruning while of that 
age, to the firfl fhoots, to promote an eligible fet of 
branches to form a regular head from the beginning; 
for inftance, if, in the firfl year, the young trees have 
advanced with only one or two fingle fhoots, it is pro¬ 
per, in the following fpring in March, to prune dowm 
the faid (hoots to a few eyes, or within fix or eight 
inches of the bottom; and they wilHthus fend forth 
feveral lateral fhoots from the remaining lower eyes 
in fumiger, to give the head its firfl: proper formation ; 
and which, heading down, is mere particularly necef- 
fary in the wall and efpalier-trees, in order to obtain 
a proper fpread of firfl branches, advancing regularly 
from the bottom, whereby to furnifh the wall and ef- 
palier with a full expanfion of branches from that part 
upward; or likewife, in flandard-trees, if required to 
have them form fpreading heads, commencing im¬ 
mediately from or near the top of the flem, the firfl 
year’s fhoots may alfo be headed down, to have them 
branch out below accordingly, in feveral branches, to 
form the head more full and regular; but when re¬ 
quired to have flandards form more upright afpiring 
heads, they may be permitted to advance in their firfl 
fhoots in a natural growth; and in thofe headed down 
in the firfl fhoots, both of wall, efpalier, and flandard- 
trees, if they furnifh others fufficiently to form the 
head properly in a firfl regular fet of branches, as 
above, no future general fhortening will be required, 
except probably to particular fhoots in the fecond and 
third year. Sec. efpecially the wall-trees and efpaliers* 
to promote a further encreafe of branches. 
However, if the trees headed down, and the fecond 
production of fhoots being not fully fufficient to form 
a proper expanfion, as a foundation to furnifh all the 
other regularly upward, they may alfo be pruned or 
fhortened, more or lefs, as it may appear neceffary,. 
in the winter-pruning or in the fpring, and from which 
there will generally be enough produced in fummer 
to give the head a firfl regular formation of feveral 
well-placed branches; after which, they may gene¬ 
rally or moflly be permitted to advance in full growth, 
without any future fhortening; the flandards to ad¬ 
vance moflly in their natural order, and the wall and 
efpalier-trees to have the branches always trained re¬ 
gularly to walls and efpaliers, at their full length; 
and which will require prunirlg and training every year 
to continue them in proper regularity, as hereafter 
direClcd. 
Or fometimes wall-tree Pears, Sec, are trained with 
a fingle upright fhoot, and this promoted to branch 
out laterally from the fide eyes, cutting off the fore¬ 
right fhoots, and retaining the fide laterals at regular 
diflances, are extended to the right and left in a per¬ 
fect horizontal pofition ; the upright in the middle be¬ 
ing continued in advancing growth, or topped occafi¬ 
onally, to encourage its producing a further fupply 
of colaterals, more effeClually to furnifh the wall re¬ 
gularly upward, trained in the fame horizontal manner; 
A a 2 fo 
