tSS THE GARDENER'S V 
fo that all the branches proceed immediately from one 
upright middle Hem, and extended to both fides, five 
or fix inches afunder. 
But when defigned to procure the intended fupply of 
trees from the nurferies for planting, they may be obtain¬ 
ed in a plentiful choice in the different orders of train¬ 
ing, either in young growth, of one, two, or three 
years old heads, or of a more advanced (late, for im¬ 
mediate bearing; and may occafionally have trees 
ready trained of a proper growth for walls and efpa- 
liers. 
All the forts of Pears and Apples, both in ftand- 
ards, efpaliers, and wall trees, being very hardy, will 
profper in any common fertile foil of a garden, or¬ 
chard, field, &c. and in any open fituation in ground 
not liable to be very wet of much continuance, which 
ftiould be avoided as much as polfible, as, in fuch, the 
trees would not thrive; but in a moderately-dry mel¬ 
low earth they will be profperous and durable; or, 
where a moderate loamy ground, it will prove beneficial 
to their growth; and, in which eligible foils, the trees 
may be planted without any additional preparation; or, 
however, if the ground is unavoidably bad, fuch as 
very gravelly, or other unkindly foil, it fhould be im¬ 
proved, if only for the prefent, in the place where 
each tree is to Hand, by removing the bad foil, and 
adding a proportional fupply of fubftantial good earth, 
either of frelh loam, where attainable, or any other 
good fertile foil, or a compoll: of earth and rotten 
dung; or in a low very wet fituation which cannot be 
avoided, or no other choice for planting, it would be 
of advantage to raife the ground, or occafionally in 
a gradual fvvell for each tree, with additional earth, to 
have the roots out of the water; and afterwards, the 
fides of the raifed places, may be augmented by de¬ 
grees: however, as before obferved, the trees will 
thrive abundantly well in any common ground of a 
garden and cultivated field-land, either of grafs or 
corn ground, or both, as may be required, or conveni¬ 
ent to the planter. 
And therefore, the trees may be planted both in 
kitchen gardens and pleafure-grounds, in ftandards, 
wall-trees, and efpaliers; and in any out-grounds in 
fields and enclofures for orchard-plantations in full 
ftandards. 
And as to the preparation for planting, that if en¬ 
tire new ground, and for a general plantation in gar¬ 
dens, it may be trenched or digged one or two fpades 
deep, either wholly or only for the prefent, along 
where each range of trees is intended; or at leaft in 
the places where each tree is to Hand, three or four 
feet in width, or more; or in cultivated or any tole¬ 
rable good ground, may only dig a wide aperture or 
Jiole for the reception of each tree; obferving that 
where the wall and efpaliet-trees are intended, the 
EGETABLE SYSTEM 
borders fhould be four or five, to fix or eight feet wide; 
and if not before cultivated fhould be trenched two, or 
one full fpade; or if in cultivation before, may either 
be wholly trenched, or only at planting, to dig a hole 
for each tree, and the other parts digged afterwards, 
at fome convenient opportunity. 
The feafon for planting thefe trees is principally the 
fame as for others of the fruit-tree kind, &c. any 
time from the decay of the leaves, in October or No¬ 
vember, in open weather, till the end of March, or 
occafionally the beginning or middle of April, but not 
to exceed the middle of the lall-mentioned month ; or, 
however, if planted foon in the autumn, they moftly 
rtrike root the fame feafon, or be advanced in good pre¬ 
paration for ftriking freely in the fpring; but may alfo 
be planted any time in winter, in mild feafons, and in 
the early fpring months, generally more fuccefsfully 
than late, planting, that they may be effectually well 
ftruck in that feafon, to proceed in a free growth the 
following fummer. 
The diftances for planting thefe trees as ftandards, 
wall-trees, and efpaliers, is, the former, in full ftand¬ 
ards, fhould not be lefs than twenty or thirty feet, to 
allow for advanced growth in large fpreading heads; 
and where plenty of ground room, thirty to forty or 
fifty feet, would be more eligible, efpecially for any 
continued plantation; but fmall ftandards may be 
planted at half the diftance; and the wall and efpalier- 
trees, planted not lefs than twelve to fifteen feet, thofe 
on dwarf-ftocks, or larger trees, eighteen or twenty, 
to twenty-five feet afunder. 
Of the full ftandards, thofe defigned for garden 
plantations, may be planted twenty to thirty feet in the 
row, or thirty to forty or fifty, or more, between, 
where room admits, both that there may be proper 
fbope for the branches, when of full growth, and to 
allow for the growth of under-crops on the ground 
between the trees; but where defigned for orchard 
plantations, in grafs ground, or any other, they are 
commonly planted at equal diftances, and to range in 
lines every way, thirty to forty feet afunder, as before 
obferved; though fometimes in extenfive orchard plan¬ 
tations, in cultivated fields, where confiderable quanti¬ 
ties of Apples are wanted for cyder, &c. the trees are 
planted thirty to forty or fifty feet, or more, in the row; 
by fifty or fixty, to an hundred feet between the 
ranges, to admit of good room in the intervals to plow, 
fow, and cultivate the ground, in corn, grafs, &c. as 
may be required; and the fame order of planting might 
be obferved in the large farming and other extenfive 
kitchen-garden grounds, as in the neighbourhood of 
London, in which ftandard Pear and Apple Trees and 
others may be planted to great advantage, in their pro¬ 
duction of fruit; and, being in rows fifty or fixty feet, 
or more, afunder, would admit of fufficient room to 
cultivate the ground in kitchen crops; and the planta¬ 
tion 
