OCTREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 189 
tion of trees would give an air of greater importance 
and value at all times, and more confiderably when in 
fruit. 
But in {mall ftandards, as Pears grafted on Quince 
flocks, and Apples on the Codlin or Paradife flocks; 
which o rowing with moderate heads, or of fmall ex¬ 
tent, may be planted in gardens only twenty feet afun- 
der in the rows, or lefs, where flraitened for ground 
room; or fmall dwarf ftandards planted in borders, 
ten, to fifteen or twenty feet apart; or fome fmall 
dwarf Apple Trees on Paradife flocks, may be planted 
in pots, for moving them into any particular compart¬ 
ment, occafionally, while in flower and fruit, for vari¬ 
ety or curiofity, or to ferve up in deferts with the fruit 
growing on the trees. 
In procuring the trees for planting, they fhould be 
carefully taken up with their full extent of roots, or 
as intire as pofflble; for this is of much importance to 
the future profperity of the trees. 
To prepare them for planting, prune out the broken 
parts of the roots, and fhorten the ends of very long 
flragglers, and examining the head, cut away or re¬ 
duce 0 to order any diforderly branches or fhoots; 
or in the wall and efpalier-trees, giving attention to 
the proper expanfion of regular branches, prune off 
fore-right projefting, and any other irregular or ill- 
placed fhoots; and generally, in the whole, preferve 
all the proper regular branches intire, both in the ftand¬ 
ards, wall-trees, and efpaliers, not fhortened, except 
where any branches extend confiderably longer than 
all the reft, they may be reduced or pruned to 
fome lateral fhoot. See. conformable to the extent of 
the general branches, to form the head in fomewhat 
regular order, of nearly equal extent; cutting away 
all fhoots from the items below the head. 
Proceeding to the planting, obferve at the proper 
diftance to dig a wide round hole for each tree, a foot 
or more deep, and capacious enough to receive all the 
roots freely to their full extent; place the tree therein 
upright, or in the wall and efpalier-trees, incline the 
heads to the wall, &c. trim in the earth over the roots, 
fhake the tree a little up and down, to make the earth 
fall inclofe between the roots and fibres, filling up the 
hole at laft, and tread the earth gently down to the 
roots; firft, round towards the outflde, continuing it 
inward to the Item; and if early planting, in dry wea¬ 
ther in autumn, or alfo in the foring, efpecially late 
in that feafon, and the ground dry, may give each a 
moderate watering to fettle the earth more effeftually 
about the roots, and to promote their (hiking frefh 
root more expeditioufly; and if a continuance of ve¬ 
ry dry weather in the advanced part of the fpring, two, 
three, or more occafional waterings, in April, May, 
jcc. would prove very beneficial; obferving, likewife, 
in the tall ftandard-trees, it would be of much advan¬ 
tage to give fupport of flakes, by driving one, two, 
or three long flout ones into the ground near eacli tree, 
inclining the tops of them to the upper part of the 
ftem, which tie in that part to the flakes with a piece 
of cord, rope yarn, &c. previoufly winding fome hay 
band round the ftem to prevent the bark being rub¬ 
bed againft the flakes by the motion of the wind. 
The wall and efpalier-trees to be planted in the fame 
manner as the foregoing, allotting principally Fears 
for walls more generally than Apples; fome planted 
on fouth and other walls, as before obferved, of dif¬ 
ferent varieties of early and late kinds, fet at the dif¬ 
tance formerly mentioned, fifteen to eighteen feet for 
thofe on dwarf flocks, and if on Crab or free flocks, 
plant eighteen or twenty feet diftance, or more, as, in 
their ftrong growth, they will extend more confiderably 
than the others: open for each tree a hole of proper 
width and depth to contain the root freely, place the 
tree therein near to thewall, inclining the ftem and head 
thereto; fill in the earth about the roots, tread it down 
gently, keeping the head clofe to the wall; and may 
then nail the branches finally, or rather defer it a little 
time, till the earth and tree together is fully fettled, and 
then trained to the wall, as hereafter explained. 
The efpalier-trees are planted in a fingle range along 
any principal borders next the main walks; or gene¬ 
rally in borders which furround the large quarters cf 
a kitchen-garden; or in any other garden dilfrifts 
where thought eligible, moftly in a free fituation open 
to the fun and air; having the borders four or five, to 
fix or eight feet wide, the trees planted towards the 
back part, in a row', three or four, to five or fix feet 
from the outer edge next the walk, at eighteen or 
t-venty feet diftance in the row, thofe on free flocks, 
and thofe on moderate or dw'arf flocks, plant not lef* 
than twelve to fifteen feet afunder in the row, that, in 
both of which, there may be proper room to extend 
the branches; and, in the whole, obferve the fame me¬ 
thod of planting as direfted for the ftandards, &c. and 
when thus planted, fhould have either a regular efpa- 
lier or trellis of flakes or of port and rails, ereffed clofe 
behind the trees; or only for the prefent, fome flakes 
placed a footapart, as far as the trees now extend; and 
in their advanced growth encreafe the trellis-work by 
degrees, or form at once a full trellis, either of tall 
flakes driven into the ground a foot afunder, (landing 
three and a half, to four or five feet high, and a rail 
nailed along the top, both to keep them more fteady, 
and for the greater regularity; or have a regular cf- 
palier framed the fame height, with polls, five or fix 
feet diftance,- and three, four, or five ranges of hori¬ 
zontal rails, and to thefe, have occafionally, fmall up¬ 
right crofi» bars, twelve, to fifteen inches afunder. 
Obfei**- 
