THE GARDENER’S VEGETABLE SYSTEM 
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Obferving, of tlic wall and efpalier-trees, the 
branches mull be regularly trained to the wall and ef¬ 
palier, in a fpreading expan fion; fir ft, give any requi¬ 
site pruning, where neceffary, to cut out fore-right 
or other ill-placed (hoots, and retaining the others at 
their full length; and train them in horizontally to 
the wall and trellis of the efpalier, by nailing the 
branches of the wall-trees with nails and llrreds; and 
the efpalier branches may either alfo be modly nailed to 
the trellis or rails, or tied thereto with ofiers, or fome 
nailed and tied occafionally, as convenient; and in 
which, both wall and efpalier-trees, arrange thebranch- 
cs four, live, or fix inches afunder, and in their full 
extent, not (hortening any, efpecially the general 
branches, defigncd for bearers, but continued always 
at their whole length, both in their young and ad¬ 
vanced growth, as far as there is room to extend them; 
as, from their nature of bearing, Apple and Pear 
Trees do net admit of (hortening, and is only to be 
pradiifed occafionally, vvheieany extended (hoots ad¬ 
vance beyond their limited fpace of room, or in any 
very irregular growth, or to prune cafual decayed 
ends; or fometimes where any principal branches ex¬ 
tend confiderably out of bounds, they are pruned or 
cut down to fome lateral (hoot, or lower branch, that 
admits of training within the proper limits, the termi¬ 
nal part thereof continuedintire, at lead as far as the ut- 
moll extent of the allotted fpace of walling and efpalier 
for each tree allows, and only fhorten agreeable to the 
above intimations, where they extend beyond their pro¬ 
per bounds. 
For, as before obferved, all the varieties of Apple 
and Pear Trees being of the fpur-bearing kinds, 
(hortening the branches, or (hoots, forces them greatly 
to wood, without furnifhing fruit-fpurs, confiding of 
(hort robud (hoots, of half an inch to one or two 
inches long, produced naturally at the fides and ex¬ 
treme part of the branches, when from two or three, 
to many years old, and always fooner and more abun¬ 
dant when not (hortened, but all or mod'y left intire; 
as (hortening not only retards their bearing, by cutting 
away the upper or extreme bearing part of the branches 
in which fruit-fpurs would arife, but alfo, by reducing 
them above, occafions their fending forth drong late¬ 
ral wood-(hoots below, in the parts where natural fruit- 
fpurs would otherwife have been formed by degrees; 
and thereby every (hortening retards the branches 
one or two years longer, before they form bearers; 
which, therefore, determines that in the general prun¬ 
ing of thofe trees, the (hoots as are defigned for bear¬ 
ers, mud not be (hortened, but permitted to extend in 
their whole length to the utmod extent of their al¬ 
lotted bounds in the wall and efpalier; they will 
thus proceed in a moderate growth, and gnnlually 
farm fruitful fpurs at the lateral eyes, along the fides, 
And at thrextremitv for bearing, and the fame bear¬ 
ers continue mhny years fruitful. 
And as, in thefe trees, the fame branches and fruit- 
fpurs continue encreafing in fruitfulnefs and remain 
many years in a plentiful bearing date, they fhould 
be condantly retained accordingly; except when in ad¬ 
vanced age, any branches decay or become unfruitful, 
(hould fore-cad to have young wood advancing below 
or between the old, ready to fupply the place when 
neceffary to cut any away as unserviceable; as like- 
wife, when any fruit-fpurs appear of a worn-out or 
unfruitful date, they being cut away, new ones are 
often acquired in or near the fame places to furceed 
them on the fame parent branches; fo that thefe trees 
in walls and efpaliers, in the procefs of pruning and train¬ 
ing, only require renewals of young wood, occalion- 
ally, in the above indances, not annually, as in trees 
bearing principally on the year-old wood, but the 
fame bearers remaining fruitful are continued from 
year to year in long duration. 
Refpeftir.g the culture of Pear and Apple Trees, it 
condds principally in giving occafional pruning to die 
dandards; and to the wall and efpalier-trees a gene¬ 
ral pruning is neceffary every year. 
The pruning of dandard Pears and Apples is only 
required occafionally, as before obferved, to reform 
cafual irregularities of diforderly branches, and to cut 
out decayed or worn-out barren branches in old trees; 
and which occafional pruning in the dandards, as they, 
having full (cope of growth, branch out freely every 
way, may probably be only necefiary once in feveral 
years; and when requifite, it (hould generally be per¬ 
formed principally in winter, any time from the fall 
of the leaves in November, till March or April; ob- 
ferving in this bufinefs that the dandards mud be per¬ 
mitted to advance in their full growth in a regular 
expanlion of branches all round and above; and only 
in which, if any confiderable irregularities occur, either 
in young or old trees, they (hould have requifite 
pruning as you (hall fee occafion; fuch as to cut out 
crofs-placed or any of very diforderly growth in the 
branches; and where any are greatly crouded in wood, 
(hould not omit to prune out the word and mod irre¬ 
gular, in a thinning manner, both in the larger and 
(mailer branches, where it may feem neceffary, where¬ 
by to keep the general branches moderately thin or 
clear of one another, in fome regular order; alfo, 
occafionally to reduce any diforderly, long rambling 
boughs, cut or (hortened down to fome lateral branch¬ 
es thereon, confident with the general extent of the 
head; likewife to prune up low dragglers, or under- 
hanging branches in the fame proportion; and gene¬ 
rally cut away any drong upright crouded (hoots in 
the middle of the head and other parts; and to cut 
out cafual decayed branches and dead wood; and era¬ 
dicate fuckers from the root and Hem of the trees; and 
thus, giving the above occafional regulation, permit 
