10 ) 
Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
the general expanfion of the regular branches to ex¬ 
tend in their natural growth, and they will produce 
proper fruit-fpurs abundantly all along the fides to the 
extreme parts, for plentiful bearing; and the fame 
branches continue many years in good fruitfulnefs. 
Sometimes old dandard Pears and Apples are greatly 
infelled with mofs growing on the branches, hurtful to 
their growth, that the prcduftion of fruit is of inferior 
quality ; it is therefore advifeable to clear the branches 
from the grcffed part of the mofs as well as poflible, 
which generally perform in winter, by fcfaping it off 
with fome fmall indrument of iron or wood, a little 
hollowed on the edge; and where any trees thus in- 
fefted, are very abundant in wood, in a crcuded dif- 
order, give them a proper thinning, to admit the fun, 
air, &c. and the roughed of the mofs cleared away, 
they w'ill foon improve accordingly, by degrees, in a 
revived growth, and fuperior goodnefs of the fruit. 
For it is generally advifeable in the dandard-trees, 
when any cafually become confiderably crouded in 
wood of a diforderly growth, to give them fome ne- 
ceffary thinning, keeping the general branches mode¬ 
rately thin, to grow mollly clear of one another, in 
fomewhat regular order, whereby you will always have 
the fruit of fuperior quality, in proportion. 
The pruning of the wall and efpalier Pear and Ap¬ 
ple Trees, is required conllantly every fummer and 
winter, to preferve the regularity of growth, and good 
fruitfulnefs in the peculiar degree of perfection, which, 
by proper management, is generally obtained on trees 
in this order of training; and in which different prun- 
ings, that in fummer comprehends a regulation among 
the young (hoots of the year only; and the winter- 
pruning includes a general regulation both in the young 
wood and older branches occafionally, each as explain¬ 
ed below, uner their feparato heads. 
The fummer-pruning is neceffary, as before inti¬ 
mated, to regulate the thoots of the fame year, which 
generally, in full-trained trees, are produced nume- 
roufly, or fuper-abundantly more than is wanted for 
training, as well as many that are ill-placed, not ad¬ 
mitting of being trained with proper regularity; and 
in both of which inltances, many of the year’s (hoots 
will require cutting out, efpccially in trees already 
furnifhed with a full expanfion of branches; for as 
thefe trees continue bearing many years on the fame 
branches, they only require occaiional fupplies of 
young wood, either to furnilh vacant parts in young 
or other trees, or to fupply the place of cafual, worn- 
out, old branches and decayed wood; therefore, be¬ 
ginning the fummer-pruning in May and June, when 
the (hoots will be confiderably advanced, cut awav all 
fore-right and others as are ill-placed for training, 
and thin out the fuperfluous or over-abundancy of the 
other more proper (hoots, retaining only fome of the 
bed well-placed thereof, in the mod vacant parts, 
with generally the terminal or leading (hoot to each 
branch; obferving, however, of the bed late¬ 
ral fide-(hoots, generally to leave rather more than 
what may appear jud neceffary, in order that there 
may be plenty to chufe from in winter-pruning, in cafe 
they (hould be wanted; cutting all the u.nneceffary cr 
improper (hoots clofe to the old wood, not leaving any 
dump or bottom fnag thereof to (hoot again; and let 
all the retained (hoots be continued at their full length, 
and tied in regularly to the trellis of the efpalier; and 
after the fird general regulation, keep the trees clear¬ 
ed from all after-(hoots, except any of proper growth 
occur in a vacancy where wood is wanted; and conti¬ 
nue all the other referved proper (hoots trained along 
at their whole length, during their fummer’s growth, 
to remain till winter-pruning. 
The winter-pruning of the wall and efpalier Pears 
and Apples is performed any time in November ®r 
December, till March, or not later than the beginning 
of April; coniifts of a general regulation, more or Ids, 
both among the fuper-abundant and improper young 
w'ood of lad fummer, and occafionally in the older 
branches; obferving, now, in this pruning, that, as 
the fame general mother branches formerly trained, 
either now prefent bearers, or advancing to that date, 
continue many years fruitful, they are to be retained 
accordingly ; and therefore, in trees of full expanlion, 
a renewal of young wood is only required occaiion- 
ally to fupply the place of cafual, worn-out, or decay¬ 
ed branches, or to furnifh accidental vacancies; but in 
young trees, dill under training, a requifite fupply of 
young (hoots mud be retained for the neceffary en- 
creafe of branches for bearers. 
Thus, in proceeding to the winter-pruning, obferve 4 
agreeable to the above intimations, to examine the 
general mother branches or bearers, and dill retain all 
that are of found and good fruitful growth, or advanc¬ 
ing to that maturity, conformable to their mode of 
bearing, and only to cut out any worn-out, barren, or 
decayed wood, and examining the fupply of young 
(hoots which were trained in lait fummer, and, as pro¬ 
bably more were then retained than is now required, 
the fuper-abundancy and ill-placed, if any, mud be 
pruned out, and felefting only what may be wanted of 
the bed well-placed (ide-fhoots thereof, of moderately 
drong growth, to fupply any wants or vacant parts 
in ycung or old’ trees, as above; or where any old 
branches appear on the decline, or of a barren, un¬ 
fruitful date, leave fome contiguous young wood, ad¬ 
vancing between, to a bearing date, ready to fupply 
the places t>f the cafual unfruitful branches ; obferving 
always to continue one good terminal or leading (hoot, 
and no tmjre, to each of the mother branches;. 01 
where two or more (hoots occur at or ney thp end. 
' cut 
