O? TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
Sometimes old Pear and Apple trees, being either 
of bad forts, or become of an unfruitful growth, are 
cut down in the fpring, and fome of the principal, 
beft-placed branches .are grafted with fhoots of any 
defirable varieties; the larger branches by crown¬ 
grafting, or fnialler ones cleft-grafted; and they will 
thus renew the head of branches, and fooner become 
good bearers than quite young trees. 
Where there are young trees of the wall and efpa- 
lier Pears and Apples, that are (till under training, not 
furnifhed with the requifite expanfion of branches, 
Ihould, in this pruning, give proper attention to re¬ 
tain an eligible fupply of the beft-placed young fhoots, 
cutting out the fore-rights, and continue the others at 
their natural length, and trained to the wall and efpa- 
lier in regular order; and, as obferved in the general 
pruning, extend the whole, both of the prefent and 
former training, always in their full growth, except it 
may appear necefiary to fhorten any particular middle 
fhoots or others, where further fupplies of wood are 
required in vacant parts to form the neceffary expan¬ 
fion of branches; but when this is obtained, continue 
them wholly at their full length, and they will emit 
and form fruit-fpurs abundantly, and form plentiful 
bearers in due time accordingly; fome beginning to 
produce fruit at two or three, others four, five, or fix 
years old, and fome, efpecially Pears, &c. on free 
flocks, will fometimes be five, fix, or eight years, or 
more, before they commence bearing in the general 
branches. 
According, in the general pruning, as each tree is 
pruned, it is advifeable generally to train them to the 
wall and efpalier, nailing the branches of the wall- 
trees with nails and fhreds, and the efpaliers, fome 
branches may both be nailed occafionally to the flakes 
and rails, and others or the whole tied thereto, with 
fmall ofier twigs, or old, tarred rope yarn; and in all 
of which arrange the branches horizontally, more or 
lefs, according to the general expanfion, at four, five 
or fix inches afunder, equally to both fides, both in 
the number and pofition of the branches, all laid 
flraight and parallel, nailed and tied clofe to the wall 
and efpalier in the moll regular order; obferving that 
where, in the pruning, any confiderable retrenchment 
was made in cutting out unferviceable, large branches 
in old trees or others; fhould now, in the nailing, &c. 
be careful to regulate the others accordingly, by train¬ 
ing fome higher or lower, that the whole may arrange 
at equal diftances. 
Thusdar fmiflies the general culture of the trees, 
fhall next give fome intimations relating to the matu¬ 
rity of growth of the fruit tor gathering. Zee. 
The fruit, in the different varieties of Pears and 
Apples, acquire maturity, to gather for ufe,.from June 
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and July till Oflober, immediately off the trees for 
prefent occafions; and the late kinds, attaining full 
growth in September and Oflober, and being then ga¬ 
thered, continue in good perfection all winter. Seve.- 
ral of the different forward varieties of the Apples 
particularly acquire proper growth, to gather for ufe 
immediately off the trees, both in their young growth 
and more advanced ftate, in fumrncr and autumn, in 
June, July and Auguft, efpecially for various culinary 
purpofes, for which Codlins in particular, and fome 
others, are eligible for thefe occafions, both when of 
quarter and half growth and when full grown; and in 
many forts, both of Apples and Pears, they attain a 
proper degree of mature growth the latter part of fum- 
mer and early in autumn, to gather off the trees for 
immediate eating in their natural ftate, as defert fruit, 
&c. fome earlieit forts in July, but more abundantly 
in Auguft, though thefe will not keep in perfection 
above a week or two, or fome of the forwarder forts 
but a few days, efpecially Pears; but many of the 
autumn Apples and Pears attaining full growth the be¬ 
ginning and middle of September, are proper to ga¬ 
ther and houfed for keeping a fhort time, till the 
late kinds acquire maturity in the latter end of Sep¬ 
tember and in October, for ufe both at that time, and 
for long keeping in winter, and fome till next fpring 
and fummer. 
The late kinds of Pears and Apples, confifting of 
many principal varieties, fhould generally, or thofe 
deligned for keeping, be permitted to have their full 
growth on the trees before they are gathered for that 
occafion; they acquiring maturity of full growth, in 
the different varieties, from the latter end of Septem¬ 
ber to the beginning, middle and end of October, ma¬ 
ny of them are proper both for immediate ufe, parti¬ 
cularly mod forts of the Apples, and fome forts of 
Pears, and for keeping; but many fineft eating Pears 
do not acquire maturity for eating till after being ga¬ 
thered and lain fome time in the fruitery; fome pro¬ 
bably two, three, or four weeks, others double that 
time, or more; and, both in Apples and Pears, many 
principal varieties continue good in the houfe for feve- 
ral months; and all of which are valuable for their 
property of keeping a confiderable time in perfection, 
and for their generally fuperior quality, both-as eating 
or defert fruit, and all culinary purpofes in which 
Pears and Apples are commonly ufed; as well as for 
making cyder and perry; therefore, permitting thefe 
late Apples and Pears to remain on the trees till they 
have full growth, they Ihould be then gathered ac¬ 
cordingly, as they attain perfection, or fome as want¬ 
ed for prefent fupply, and alaige portion for keep¬ 
ing. 
Or where large quantities of Apples are wanted for 
cyder, or Pears, for perry, many of the autumn kinds 
of September arc proper, if ufed foon after being ga- 
B b thered. 
