Or TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
Bulk and llature, more particularly fome of the deci¬ 
duous kinds, are valuable to cultivate as foreft-trees, for 
the great worth of their timber, to ufe for many fuperior 
purpofes where ftrength and long duration is neceffary 
and required ; is of particular value as the principal 
timber employed in lhip-building, and various other 
occafions, for ftrength and durability; and for which, 
cr.e of the fpecies in particular, the Quercus Rpbur, or 
Common Oak, furpaffes moll of the others in its vail 
dimenfions of growth in this country,, and fuperior 
quality of its wood, as well as the great utility of the 
bark of the tree, as the principal material for tanning 
of leather ; and when after being ufed for that valuable 
purpofe, becomes of Angular ufe to the gardener, for 
making tanner’s-bark hot-beds, commonly called tan 
or bark-beds, peculiarly ufeful in hot-houfes or pine¬ 
ries, for the culture of the Pine-Apple, and in forc- 
ing-houfes and frame hot-beds occafionally; though 
feveral or moll of the other fpecies, being trees of fu¬ 
perior growth in height and magnitude of their trunk, 
are alfo eligible to alfemble with foreft-trees, and oc¬ 
cafionally in large, ornamental plantations, in parks 
and any out-grounds; and in all the forts, their pro- 
du&ion of acorns ripening in autumn, are good to fat¬ 
ten fwine and deer, when they fall from the trees, in 
September, Odlober, &c. 
Tn feveral fpecies of the Oak are produced glands, 
or roundilh, protuberant excrefcences, larger and fmal- 
ler, upon the young Ihoots and leaves in May and 
June; very abundant in the Common Oak, and which 
are commonly called Oak Apples, generally occafioned 
by infedls, and are of no particular ufe, except in the 
Quercut Coccifera, or Scarlet-bearing Oak, v/here the 
trees grow naturally, being the Kermes, called Scarlet 
Grain, and iscollefted for the ufe of dyers, &c. 
All the fpecies of Oak may be employed in exten* 
five plantations, both as foreft-trees, in large ftand- 
ards, for timber, and in under-wood, to ufe in fmaller 
growths occafionally; likewife, to plant, for variety and 
ornament, in aflemblage with other large trees, in con- 
fiderable pleafure-grounds, parks, fields, hedge-rows, 
and in any out diftrids; but, for ufeful plantations in 
foreft or timber-trees, the Common or Englilh Oak 
generally claims preference for principal culture, as fu¬ 
perior in growth, and for the known value of its 
wood; and abundance of the trees may be cultivated, 
to great advantage, in all extenfive grounds, to form 
Oak woods, both by raifing the trees in a nurfery, and 
tranfplanted where they are to continue, and by flow¬ 
ing the acorns in the places where the trees are al¬ 
ways to remain; likewife, ftiould introduce fome, on 
as many of the other fpecies as may be thought ex¬ 
pedient, as they will grow to handfome timber-trees, 
and effed an agreeable diverfity in the plantations* in 
their different growths, foliage, &c. 
«9? 
Or for ornamental planting in confiderable grounds,' 
or to embellilh different parts of eftates, any of the 
fpecies of Oak may be admitted in forming extending 
plantations in aflemblage with other large trees, or 
in fimilar plantations towards the out-boundary of 
pleafure-grounds, extenfive lawns, parks, &c. and in 
forming clumps, ranges, and fingly, both in parks 
and any extenfive out-grounds, as above-intimated; 
or may alfo be introduced in large, running fhrubbe- 
ry plantations, for variety; or for garden Ihrubberies, 
may have principally fome of the fmaller kinds, and* 
any of the ever-green Oaks, as they will appear orna¬ 
mental at all feafons, in their conllant verdure. 
Moll of the Oak Trees are flow growers, and con¬ 
tinue, forages, in an advancing growth; the Com 
mon Oak particularly continues growing many cen¬ 
turies. 
The Oaks moftly fucceed bell in a loamy ground, 
and will alfo thrive in any common foil, not very wet 
or marfhy; or, however, where the ground, intended 
for plantations, is of a loamy nature, it will be of ad¬ 
vantage in promoting a more expeditious, ftrong, 
handfome growth; but they may likewife be planted 
fuccefsfully in any common ground, of a fomewhat 
fertile nature, or of fome tolerable cultivating Hate, 
as may occur in the places where defigned or conve¬ 
nient to have plantations thereof, either for profit or 
ornament; though, for the latter, the fertility of the 
foil is not fo material as for the former, where intended 
to plant principally for timber plantations. 
All the forts of Oaks are propagated or raifed by 
fowing the acorns in autumn or fpring; and the young 
feedling plants, when a year old, tranfplanted in nur- 
fery-rows, to advance to three or four, to five or fix 
feet growth, for the intended plantations, as more 
fully direded hereafter. 
Or young trees, ready raifed to proper fizes, as 
above, may be obtained at the public nurferies, for 
planting. 
But when defigned to have confiderable plantations 
of the Common Oak, and of any other forts, to form 
Oak woods/ for timber-trees and under-wood, it is 
moll advifeable, where convenient, to raife proper 
fupplies of young trees in home nurferies, to a due 
fize for tranfplanting, as required for thtfe occafions; 
or the acorns fowedatonce in the places where the plan¬ 
tation is intended, and the trees to remain where thus 
raifed, and they eflablilhing their roots more cffedually 
from the beginning, not having any check by trans¬ 
planting, they will generally make the moftprofperous 
trees, of long duration, in a thriving growth; or, 
however, if raifed in a nurfery, to tranfplant for the 
foregoing purpofe# of timber-trees particularly, it 
would 
