201 
Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
trees, either in forming profitable or ornamental plan¬ 
tations, for the improvement and embellifhment of ef- 
tates. 
Bat, in forming Oak woods defigned principally 
for large timber trees, they fhoald generally either be 
planted in young growth, or the acorns fowed in the 
places where the trees are to Hand; and in which lat¬ 
ter method, as not being tranfplanted, they do not re- 
-ccive any check-in their growth- root more effe&ually, 
grow fafter, more profperous, and continue of longer 
duration, in a free growing Hate. 
The young plantations for woods, &c. as above, 
fnould be defended by fome furrounding outward 
fence, either a ditch, (lake and bufh hedge, hurdles, 
palings, &c. and in the young or fmall growth of the 
trees, keep them clear from large, afpiring weeds in 
fummer; and the frees defigned to run for llandards, 
both in their young and advanced date, have the Items 
pruned up from ftrong lateral (hoots, and permit the 
tops to afpire in height in their full growth. 
ten or twelve feet high—armed with terminal thorns; 
the leaves ( middling, dark-green above) oval, fpear- 
lhape, and fmall, quadrifid or four-parted, dioicous 
flowers, in ciufters, fucceeded by bunches of fmall, 
roundifh berries; ufed in medicine.—Native of Eng¬ 
land, &c. in hedges. {Any /oil.) 
Varieties .—Common larger Buckthorn. 
Dwarf Buckthorn. 
Long-leaved Dwarf Buckthorn. 
2. Rhamnus Frangula —(Frangula) or Berry-baar- 
. ing Alder. 
A large, deciduous flirub, branching irregularly ten 
or twelve feet high—unarmed or thornlefs; the leaves 
(. fmalli/h, dark-green) ovate-oblong intire ; and her¬ 
maphrodite, monogynous or one-ftyled flowers, in 
ciufters, fucceeded by bunches of fmall, black, round 
berries.—Native of England, Sec. in hedges. {Any 
Rhamnus BUCKTHORN, comprifxng alfo the 
Frangula, Paliurus, and Alaternus. 
Clafs and Order. 
Pentandria, Monogynia, 
Five Males, One Female ; 
Or Plants, veith Hermaphrodite Flowers, having five 
Stamina, or Males, and one Pijiillum, or Female. 
THE Rhamnus comprifes feveral hardy fpecies of 
deciduous (hrubs, and one ever-green kind; all employed 
for variety in (hrubberies, &c. are moftly of the large 
and middling (hrub kinds, of upright growth, fix or 
eight to twelve or fourteen feet high; fome armed 
with thorns, others not; and adorned with middling 
and fmall, oblong, oval and fpear-ftiape Ample leaves, 
and fmall, greenilh-yellow flowers, in ciufters, at the 
fides and ends of the branches; moftly funnel-fhape, 
four or five-parted at the top, each containing five lta- 
mina, a roundiftt germen, fupporting a fingle ftyle, 
crowned by a quadrifid ftigma; and the germen grows 
a fmall, roundifh berry, feveral together, in ciufters, 
furniftied with three or four roundish hard feeds, ri¬ 
pening in autumn, and by which, fowed in that feafon 
or fpring, the plants may be propagated, alfo by lay¬ 
ers and cuttings. 
The hardy Species of RHAMNUS are— 
i. Rhamnus catharticus —Cathartic or Common 
Purging Buckthorn. 
A large, deciduous (hrub, branching irregularly 
Variety .—Dwarf Berry-bearing Alder. 
3. Rhamnus alpinus —Alpine Berry-bearing Alder. 
A large, deciduous (hrub, ten or twelve feet high_ 
unarmed or without thorns; the leaves {larger, rough) 
ovate-oblong, doubly-crenated or notched; and dioi- 
cous flowers, fucceeded by fmall, round, black ber¬ 
ries.—Native of the Helvetian mountains. (Anyfoii. 1 
4. Rhamnus Paliurus — (Paliurus) commonly called 
thrift's Thorn. 
A large, deciduous (hrub, with -(lender, pliant 
branches, growing eight or ten feet high—armed with 
thorns in pairs, the lower ones reflexed; leaves (/mail¬ 
er, pale-green) ovate-roundi(h, and ciufters of fmall, 
greenifh flowers, trigynous or with three piftils; fuc¬ 
ceeded by roundifh, comprefled fruit.—Native of Pa- 
leftinc, Italy, Spain, Portugal, the.Levant, &c* 
(Any common /oil.) 
This fpreies, as being a native of Judea, Sc c. is by 
many travellers foppofed to be the tree of which was 
compofed the crown of thorns which was placed on the 
head of our Saviour, hence called Chri/Ps Thtrn-^. 
though others fuppofe the following is the real plant. 
5. Rhamnus Spina-Chrifii —(Spina-Chrifti) thrift's 
Thorn, with ftraight Spines. 
A deciduous (hrub, with (lender branches—armed 
with ftraight thorns, by pairs; the leaves (/mall) oval: 
C c 
and 
