Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
good fEocts in any vacant parts, and preferving a ter- 
minatin 0- or leading young fhoot to each branch, ei¬ 
ther naturally placed at the termination thereof, or 
where any branches and terminating Ihoots advance 
confiderably too long, the branches may be occafion- 
alJv pruned down, more or lefs, to fome convenient 
lateral (hoot, fituated lower on the branch, to remain 
for a leader, leaving but one to each branch; the re¬ 
turned {hoots but moderately fnortenca, or not at all, in 
the Goofeberries particularly, except where any extend 
too Ion?, or is of a crooked or inclining growth, and 
which may be ihortened difcretionally. 
At the fame time, in this pruning, if any old branch¬ 
es a Hume a bad habit of growth, worn-oat date, or are 
become of a barren nature, or any growing in an irregu¬ 
lar manner, prune them out either to their origin, or 
cut down to fome eligible lower-(hooc or young branch; 
or retaining young wood to fupply the place of the un- 
ferviceable° olo, where it may feem requifite; or alio 
where the general branches of any tree are too much 
crouded, prune out fome of the worlt in a thinning 
manner, leaving the others at proper didances, in (ome- 
what regular order. 
Being alfo careful, in this pruning, to retain good 
{hoots occafionally below, or where requifite, in cafeal 
vacant parts, modly at their full length, elpecially thofe 
below, till advanced to a proper growth in height or 
length, confident with the extent of the general branch¬ 
es ; and each main branch terminating generally in a 
young moderate {hoot for a leader, agreeable to the in¬ 
timations before mentioned; and which, and the re¬ 
tained (hoots in general, may either, in fome, be fhort- 
ened moderately, or principally only any extreme ihoots 
that are of longed extenfion, orthe others of lefs or mo¬ 
derate extent, continuing within regular bounds, may 
either be generally left intire, or fome longed extreme 
{hoots {hortened a little, retaining the others at their ‘ 
full length; or in the Goofeberries particularly, I 
would advife to {horten but very fparingly, or not at 
all, except only to reduce any rambling extreme (hoots 
that extend beyond the general expandon of the others, 
or that draggle in any diforderly dire&ion, and fuch 
as recline dragglingly downwards, &c. as too fevere 
{hortening in thefe bulhes, both of the Currants and 
Goofeberries, forces out numerous lateral Ihoots the 
following fummer, filling the trees with a thicket of 
ufelefs wood, excludes the benefit of the fun and free 
air, and the confequence is, they produce fmall ill- 
nourifhed fruit, not ripening with a full fiavour. 
But the general branches being continued moderately 
thin and fomewhat regular, and the Ihoots not dumped 
or cut very fhort, to occaiion a thicket of fummer wood, 
but remain open to the action of the fun, air, &c. the 
fruit will be large and ripen in fuperior maturity. 
Obferve, in pruning, that as thefe Ihrubs produce 
their fruit both on the year-old wood, and branches of 
feveral years growth, upon fmall fpurs and fnags rifing 
along the fides of the branches, the fame branches 
mud be preferved as long as they continue fruitful; cr 
in old trees, where any of the fruit-fpurs or bearing 
fnags become of a decayed, worn-out, or car.kery date, 
cut them off clofe, new ones will fometimes rife in or 
near the fame places, efpecially the Currants. 
Sometimes Currant and Goofeberry Bulhes are train¬ 
ed in fanned dwarf-dandards, with the branches rang¬ 
ing only two ways, in a line to the right and left, both 
that they may take up lefs room, and to admit the full 
power of the fun and air to both fides, and the branch¬ 
es being fewer than in the common bufhy dandards, the 
fruit will generally be fuperior; they are trained with 
(hort dems branching out hear the bottom, cutting eff 
thofe projecting in front and behind, and makethefide- 
branches extend the way of the row; and they will pro¬ 
duce abundance of large fine fruit in a very agreeable 
manner. 
Likewife for the walls (hould have a good portion 
cf the red and white currants, trained with (hort dems, 
to branch out low, and the branches extended in a 
fanned expandon; planting fome againd fouth walls 
to produce earlied fruit, others on wed and ead walls 
or palings, to produce fruit in fucceflion; and fome on 
north walls to ripen fruit late in the feafon; and by 
having them on walls of different afpeCts will obtain 
ripe fruit from the beginning or middle of June till 
September, or of thofe on north walls, or others de¬ 
fended with nets or mats from the birds and lhaded 
from the fun, when ripening, will continue good on 
the trees till October or November; they (hould be 
planted eight or ten to twelve feet didance r and the 
branches arranged horizontally, and nailed to the wall 
four, five, or fix inches afunder, extended at their full 
length, to the extent of the allotted fpaceof walling for 
each tree; and will require pruning every fummer and 
winter, to keep them in proper regularity, and to have 
them bear plentifully in fuperior perfection. 
Some may alfo be trained in efpaliers in the fame 
manner as thofe againft walls, and will produce large, 
fine fruit. 
In the culture of thofe againft walls and efpaliers 
train the branches horizontally, or upright, according 
as the fpace of walling admits, and generally extend 
the branches at their whole length, as far as the li¬ 
mited bounds of the wall and efpalicr allows; and as 
the branches will fend out many (tinerfluous and ufelefs 
{hoots in fummer, they mull be pruned in that feafon, 
in June, July, Sec. cutting off the fore-right Ihoots, 
and fuch as appear unneceffary or not wanted {or train¬ 
ing, retaining only fome good, fide, lateral (hoots, in 
the moft vacant (paces, where further fupplies of bran¬ 
ches are r.eceffary; and nail them in clofe, at their 
D d 2 full 
