221 
Of TREES, SHRUBS, PLANTS, FLOWERS, and FRUITS. 
ther, in a fort of clump, and fome againft walls, 
palings, rails, and efpaliers. 
They will moftly or all produce fruit the firft year, 
but more abundantly and in full perfection the fecond 
fummer, and continue feveral years in a plentiful, 
bearing date; though, as fometimes after four or five 
years production, the fruit will be fmaller and lefs 
abundant, it would be advifeable to make a new plan¬ 
tation cf young plants, once in three, four or five 
years. 
The Rafpberry fruit, attaining maturity in July and 
Auguft, in the principal production, when ripe, it will 
not continue good on the plants above two or three 
days, and (houli be gathered accordingly, in fmall 
balkets, to contain only a fmall quantity together, 
that they may not bruife; and, likewife, after being 
gathered, they require to be almoft immediately ufed 
for the purpofes intended, as they foon fpoil, or in a 
day or two become mouldy, and full of maggots, pe¬ 
culiar to this fort of fruit. 
With regard to general culture of the plantations 
of fruiting Rafpberries, they will require an annual 
dreffmg of pruning and digging the ground between, 
&c. every autumn, winter, orfpring; generally keep 
them clear from large weeds all fummer, by occafion- 
al hoeing, and, at the fame time, clear out all ftroll- 
ing fuckers arifing in the fpaces between the main 
plants, which permit to advance in full growth during 
thefuinmer; and muft have a general pruning, &c. in 
autumn, or any time from October or November, to 
March ; and in which operation, it muil be remem¬ 
bered, that as thefe plants always bear only on the 
young Items or fuckers of a year old, and as the fame 
Items or (hoots never bear but once, they decaying in 
the winter following, young ones having been pro¬ 
duced from the roots in the preceding fummer, to fuc- 
ceed them in bearing, the old (terns muft therefore be 
cut away in autumn or winter, &c. aforefaid, dole 
down to the ground, and, at the fame time, feleCting, 
three or four of the ftrongeft, young (terns, of the laft 
fummer, on each ltool, cut away the weak or fuper- 
abundant clean to the bottom; and, in thofe retained, 
prune or fhorten the tops, or only cutting off the weak, 
bending part thereof; and when thus pruned, clearing 
away the cuttings, &c. dig the ground between the 
rows, eradicating any draggling fuckers that are pro¬ 
duced between or at a diftance from the main flools, 
ftirring and levelling the ground clofe about the bot¬ 
tom of the continuing plants, and in the intervals. 
After pruning, if, where the ftems are long, they 
draggle much afunder, they may cither be tied or 
plaited two or three together, to preferve them in up- 
right growth, or occaliorully thofe of the fame or of 
different ftools may be fattened archways together, 
above. 
In old plantations of two or three years growth, or 
more, it would be of advantage to manure, tre ground 
with rotten dung, applied and digged in any time ia 
winter, &c. after pruning the plants, as above; it 
will revive and give frefh vigour to the roots, promote 
a ftrong, free growth in the ftems, and the fruit will 
be large and full-flavoured accordingly. 
Sambucus, ELDER TREE. 
Clafs and Order. 
Pentandria, Trigynia, 
Five Males, Three Females ; 
Or Plants ’with Hermaphrodite Flovsers, bavin* jive 
Stamina or Male Parts, and three Pijlillums or Females . 
THIS Genus, Sambucus, furnithes three hardy 
fpecies of deciduous tree and (hrub kinds, of the ber¬ 
ry-bearing tribe, to cultivate for ufe and variety, and 
the berries for Elder Wine; are of moderate growth 
in regard to general fize, producing ftrong (hoots, full 
of a white pith, garnilhed with large, pinnated, or 
winged leaves, of two or three pair of oblong lobes, 
terminated by an odd or end foliole; and fmall, mo- 
nopetalous, wheel-fhape, white flowers, in large, cy- 
mofe-umbellate bunches, having, to each pTant, a- 
a fmall, five-parted, permanent calyx, a corolla of 
one fmall, rotated petal, cut into five obtufe fegments, 
containing five awl-lhape ftamina, terminated by 
roundilh anthera; an oval germen, crowned with three 
obtufe ftigmas; and the germen grows a fmall, round- 
ifli, unilocular berry, many together in a bunch, 
each furnifhed with three feeds; ripe in autumn; and 
by which the trees may be raifed; but are more gene¬ 
rally propagated by cuttings. 
The Species are— 
i. Sambucus nigra —Black-berried or Common 
Elder Tree. 
A fmall, deciduous tree, eighteen or twenty feet 
high, with jointed, ftrong (hoots, full of pith—the 
ftem treelike; leaves (largijh, dark-green) pinnated, 
of two pair of lobes and an odd one; and large, five- 
parted, cymofe umbels of white flowers, fuccecdcd by 
large, umbellate bunches of black-berries, valuable for 
making Elder Wine.—Native of England, Germany, 
&c. in hedges, banks, old walls. &c. (Any foil and 
fixation.) 
Varieties. —Common Black-berried Elder. 
White-berried Elder. 
Green-berried Elder. 
(, Laciniata) Laciniated or Jagged-leav¬ 
ed, called Parfley-lcaved Elder—the 
leaves cut into narrow fegments. 
Gold- 
